C3 or crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)-induced Mesembryanthemum crystallinum plants perform nocturnal starch degradation which is linear with time. To analyse the composition of metabolites released by isolated leaf chloroplasts during starch degradation we developed a protocol for the purification of starch-containing plastids. Isolated chloroplasts from C3 or CAM-induced M. crystallinum pla...

Dear Editor, In the past issue of the Iranian Journal Kidney Disease, Park and colleagues compared the standard peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution to the low glucose degradation products (GDP) solution in a 3-year follow-up.1 Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an effective and established form of renal replacement therapy in end -stage renal disease over the past 30 years, which is used by approximatel...

The identification of the molecular structure of fibrinogen has given a better understanding of many clinical conditions associated with abnormalities of fibrinogen. Proteolysis of fibrinogen or fibrin by its natural lytic enzyme, plasmin, leads to the formation of degradation products which are of great importance in the laboratory diagnosis of many pathological conditions. The biochemical and...

Product inhibition of cellulolytic enzymes affects the efficiency of the biocatalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol and other valuable products. New strategies that focus on reactor designs encompassing product removal, notably glucose removal, during enzymatic cellulose conversion are required for alleviation of glucose product inhibition. Supported by numerous calculations ...

In 1978, a simplified technique for peritoneal dialysis (PD) using plastic bags and glucose as osmotic agent allowed PD to become accepted as a home-based renal replacement therapy. However, PD was marred by complications including peritonitis and loss of function of the peritoneal membrane. Both complications may be favored by the bioincompatibility of PD solutions. The composition of PD solut...