It was found by Kisch (1) that methylglyoxal inhibits tissue respiration in vitro. The mechanism of this inhibition is the combination of methylglyoxal with enzyme proteins, requiring -SH groups for their catalytic activity (2). As a continuation of these experiments, the specificity of the widely distributed glyoxalase-glutathione (GSH) system was tested with both methylglyoxal and glyoxal. Th...

cDNA of the glx1 gene encoding glyoxal oxidase (GLX) from Phanerochaete chrysosporium was isolated and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The recombinant GLX (rGLX) produces H(2)O(2) over 7.0 nmol/min/mL using methyl glyoxal as a substrate. Use of rGLX as a generator of H(2)O(2) improved the coupled reaction with recombinant manganese peroxidase resulting in decolorization of malachite green up to 1...

The condensation of benzylamine with glyoxal leads to Hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane (HBIW) in acetonitrile solvent with citric acid as a green catalyst under both conventional stirring and ultrasonic irradiation conditions. The influence of four variables, including the amount of catalyst, solvent, reaction time and ultrasonic power, on the reaction yield was investigated. The results showed t...

Fluorescence excitation spectra for transition à Au – X̃ Ag of trans-glyoxal in a supersonic jet were recorded with laser excitation in a wavelength region near 395 nm. With resolution 0.04 cm, most lines in these spectra are resolved and are assigned rotationally; of six bands assigned, three have c-type rotational structure, and another three have types a/b hybrid, a and b . Fluorescence decay...

Studies were carried out to determine possible intermediates involved in the biosynthetic pathway of riboflavin, using resting cells of a riboflavin-adenine-deficient mutant, Bacillus subtilis AJl988. The cells excreted 6,7-dimethyl-& ribityllumazine, the end product in the biosynthetic pathway, into the incubation medium in large amounts. The addition of glyoxal caused a large accumulation of ...

Superhelical covalently closed circular replicative form DNA (RF I) of coliphage M13 appears as a relaxed molecule that has a base-unpaired region in the form of a bubble (100 to 200 base pairs long) seen in electron micrographs when spread in the presence of formaldehyde and formamide or after pretreatment with glyoxal. S1 endonuclease, specific for single-stranded DNA, converts superhelical M...

Glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MG), belonging to α-oxoaldehydes, are produced by organisms from bacteria to humans by glucose oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and DNA oxidation. Since glyoxals contain two adjacent reactive carbonyl groups, they are referred to as reactive electrophilic species (RES), and are damaging to proteins and nucleotides. Therefore, glyoxals cause various diseases in huma...

The effect of Maillard reaction on red blood cells (RBC) deformability was investigated. Exposure of RBC to carbonyl compounds (dl-glyceraldehyde, glyoxal, glycolaldehyde, 3-deoxyglucosone, and d-glucose) leading to Maillard reaction caused a marked decrease in RBC deformability even at 1mM level. The decrease rate depended on the kind of carbonyl compounds, in which both dl-glyceraldehyde and ...

Aqueous-phase photooxidation of glyoxal, a ubiquitous water-soluble gas-phase oxidation product of many compounds, is a potentially important global and regional source of oxalic acid and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Reaction kinetics and product analysis are needed to validate and refine current aqueous-phase mechanisms to facilitate prediction of in-cloud oxalic acid and SOA formation fro...