The use of immunomodulating gene therapy in the treatment of malignant disease is under intensive investigation. In this study, we examined the potential of melanoma-derived granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to inhibit melanoma progression in a murine model. The HGH18 murine melanoma cell line was transfected with the murine GM-CSF gene in a SV40 expression vector that r...

We have cloned, expressed, and partially purified a naturally occurring, truncated, soluble form of the human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor alpha subunit to investigate its biochemical and biologic properties. The soluble receptor species lacks the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains that are presumably removed from the intact receptor cDNA by a mechanism ...

We investigated the cause of thrombocytosis in 14 patients with tumors producing colony-stimulating factor (CSF). Of the 14 patients, 10 had tumors producing granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF) and 4 had tumors producing granulocyte-macrophage--CSF (GM-CSF). Thrombocytosis of greater than 400 x 10(9)/L was noted in 8 of 10 patients with G-CSF-producing tumors and all 4 patients with GM-CSF-producing tumors...

Reed, Jacquelyn A., Machiko Ikegami, Eli R. Cianciolo, Wei Lu, Patricia S. Cho, William Hull, Alan H. Jobe, and JeffreyA. Whitsett. Aerosolized GM-CSF ameliorates pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in GM-CSF-deficient mice. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 20): L556–L563, 1999.—Surfactant proteins and phospholipids accumulate in the alveolar spaces and lung tissues of mice deficient in...

Granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is an important hematopoietic growth factor. Mesenchymal cells produce abundant GM-CSF in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF). We wished to determine (1) what cellular pathways enhanced levels of GM-CSF mRNA, and (2) if TNF used any of these pathways. Modulation in levels of GM-CSF mRNA in human fibroblasts (WI-38) was studied by...

Severely impaired pulmonary microbial clearance was observed in granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)–deficient mice. To determine mechanisms by which GM-CSF mediates lung host defense, Fc R-mediated phagocytosis (opsonophagocytosis) by alveolar macrophages (AMs) was assessed in GM-CSF–sufficient (GM / ) and –deficient (GM / ) mice and in GM / mice expressing GM-CSF only in t...

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a pleiotropic, Th17-derived cytokine thought to critically contribute to the pathogenesis of diverse autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Treatment with monoclonal antibodies that block GM-CSF activity is associated with favorable therapeutic effects in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. We evaluated the...

Marrow cells from mice lacking high-affinity receptors for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF; betac-/- mice) were shown to bind and internalize much less GM-CSF than cells from normal (betac+/+) mice. betac-/- mice were used to determine the effect of negligible receptor-mediated clearance on detectible GM-CSF responses to the intravenous injection of endotoxin or the int...

In vitro studies have indicated that the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene expression is regulated at the posttranscriptional level by the AU-rich element (ARE) sequence present in its 3' untranslated region (UTR). This study investigated the importance of the ARE in the control of GM-CSF gene expression in vivo. For this purpose, transgenic mice bearing GM-CSF gene...

The objective was to determine whether granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) stimulates development of bovine embryos. In each experiment, oocytes were fertilized in vitro, GM-CSF was added to embryo culture medium at 8-10 h or 5 days after insemination, and development was monitored as the proportion of oocytes that formed blastocysts. Addition of recombinant bovine GM-CSF ...