The gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (lutropin, LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (follitropin, FSH) through their ability to regulate the synthesis of the sex steroids (androgens and estrogens), are indispensable for proper gonadal development and function(1). The synthesis and secretion of gonadotropins are regulated by the hormones produced by the pituitary itself (such as follistatin a...

Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function is necessary for maintaining proper female reproductive cycle. This study aimed to evaluate the ovarian histomorphometric and histoarchitectural changes in neonatal, prepubertal pubertal thymectomized guinea pigs. A total of 30 pigs, sham-operated (n-5) were studied each group. The diameter number follicles among sham operated pigs during estrus phas...

Reproduction is a critically important event in every animals' life and in all vertebrates is controlled by the brain via the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. In many species, this axis, and hence reproductive fitness, can be profoundly influenced by the social environment. Here, we review how the reception of information in a social context causes genomic changes at each level of the...

A significant proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a low testosterone level relative to reference ranges based on healthy young men. Only a small number of these patients suffer from classical hypogonadism as a result of recognizable hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis pathology. The cut-off value of the serum testosterone level in men without obvious hypothalamic-pituitary...

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis abnormalities have been reported in depressed women and those with postpartum blues, compared with nondepressed women. We investigated the effect of gonadal steroids on the hormonal response to ovine CRH in women with (n = 5) and without (n = 7) a past history of postpartum depression (PPD) by creating an endocrine model of pregnancy and the postpartum. Ovine...