Learning systems must be able to store memories reliably, yet be able to modify them when new learning is required. At the mechanistic level, new learning may either reverse the cellular events mediating the storage of old memories or mask the old memories with additional cellular changes that preserve the old cellular events in a latent form. Behavioral evidence about whether reversal or maski...

Literary journalism, a hybrid writing style that borrows techniques from journalism and prose fiction, is being scrutinized as literature since its conception in early twentieth century. This kind of genre when read, arouse in readers the feelings of empathy and rejoining with their own experiences and sensations. Taking some fitting examples of this genre from American literature, the purpose ...

Codon evolution is influenced by an organelle-specific bias existing within cellular compartments. The discovery of evidence that codon evolution is controlled by different factors among nuclei, mitochondria and chloroplasts, indicates the existence of biases based on what we term “organelle biases”. In plant chloroplasts and mitochondria, nucleotide substitutions, based on the correlations amo...

De novo methylation of CpG islands is seen in many cancers, but the general rules governing this process are not known. By analyzing DNA from tumors, as well as normal tissues, and by utilizing a range of published data, we have identified a universal set of tumor targets, each with its own "coefficient" of methylation that is largely correlated with its inherent relative ability to recruit pol...

the complexity and diversity of international assignment or license of iprs and the territoriality principle, makes determining their applicable law difficult. the rules governing iprs, are distinct from applicable law to contractual issues, hence the importance of characterization in these contracts. party autonomy and the discretion of courts are faced with restrictions including competition ...

Septins are conserved GTP-binding proteins that assemble into lateral diffusion barriers and molecular scaffolds. Vertebrate genomes contain 9-17 septin genes that encode both ubiquitous and tissue-specific septins. Expressed septins may assemble in various combinations through both heterotypic and homotypic G-domain interactions. However, little is known regarding assembly states of mammalian ...

Researchers and policymakers have long called for a collaborative governance process climate adaptation flood resilience. However, this is usually challenging when urban planning supposed to be integrated with water management. Using the Chinese city of Guangzhou as case study, study explores long-term disadvantaged conditions in how situation shaped. The findings show that, comparison increasi...