This paper describes the survey development, design and data collection protocol for the 2008/2009 Youth Smoking Survey (YSS) and the changes to the YSS survey and protocols across the 5 survey cycles (1994, 2002, 2004/2005, 2006/2007, 2008/2009). Canada's Youth Smoking Survey is a nationally representative school-based survey of students (grades 6 to 12 in 2008/2009) from randomly sampled publ...

OBJECTIVE To determine risky behaviors leading to unintentional injuries among Tehrani high school students in 2009. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out berween October and December 2009. Out of 237,300 (185151 governmental, 52149 non governmental) Tehrani high school students in both genders, 727 subjects were selected by multistage randomized sampling. Among 20 education dist...

BACKGROUND Lebanon is witnessing an increased emigration of physicians. The objective of this study was to understand the perceptions of Lebanese policymakers of this emigration, and elicit their proposals for future policies and strategies to deal with this emigration. METHODS We conducted semi-structured individual interviews with the deans of Lebanon's seven medical schools, the presidents...

This paper is intended to describe the roles and responsibilities of the small school head and is based on the personal experiences of a serving headteacher. It seems an accepted element of academic discourse that recent governmental initiatives have impacted on the leadership and management of educational institutions in such a way that they have offered both opportunities and challenges for s...

Fadia M. Al-Hummayani, BDS, MS * Abstract This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of congenital absence (agenesis) and malformation of maxillary lateral incisors in Saudi Arabian female students. A group of one thousand five hundred (1500) Saudi female school students, with an age range (11-19 years) were randomly selected from governmental and private schools in different distri...

Over the past decade, governmental agencies, medical schools, influential voices in the media, and the public at large have seen a remarkable surge of interest in alternative medicine in the United States. While many therapies focus on unproven but otherwise spiritually neutral approaches (for example, nutritional supplements), others arise from or validate worldviews — especially the monism ("...