Populations of Acer species often contain more than three sex phenotypes with complex sexual polymorphism including duodichogamy, protandry and protogyny. We identified the mechanisms that maintain sexual polymorphism in Acer pictum subsp. mono, a temperate tree from northern China, by investigating maternal mating patterns and male reproductive success. We used paternity analyses to estimate r...

Implementation of Plant Image Quality Improvement based on Machine Learning Camera Variation to Predict Photosynthetic Pigments. Pigments are natural dyes found in plants and animals. In photosynthesis, there 3 essential pigments: chlorophyll, cartenoid, anthocyanin. Pigment analysis can be performed with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) a spectrophotometer. However, HPLC spectroph...

An integrated approach including chemical and biological assessments was developed to investigate the differences between Apocynum venetum L. (AV) and its adulterant, Apocynum pictum Schrenk (AP). Ten flavonoids were tentatively identified by ultra-visible and mass spectra data. The chemical component, hyperoside, was identified as a critical parameter for discrimination of two species from the...