Executive Summary It is the obligation of every physician to put the best interest of the patient above all other considerations. Patients seeking care from orthopaedic surgeons are often vulnerable; their clarity, judgment, and decision-making capacity are skewed by pain and suffering. The invasive nature of surgery—combined with the urgent and potentially life-threatening nature of many ortho...

Traditionally, route discovery in MANETs operates in unilateral (source-initiated) manner. We propose a new scheme called bilateral route discovery (BRD), where both source and destination actively participate in a route discovery process. BRD has the potential to reduce the control overhead by one half. As an underlying protocol for BRD, we propose gratuitous route error reporting (GRER) to no...

Email becomes the major source of communication these days. Most humans on the earth use email for their personal or professional use. Email is an effective, faster and cheaper way of communication. The importance and usage for the email is growing day by day. It provides a way to easily transfer information globally with the help of internet. Due to it the email spamming is increasing day by d...

The norms of civil law are designed to regulate the relations participants in legal arising from appropriation property benefits. Subjects can satisfy their interest either through conclusion contractual relations, as a result which subject will have right demand satisfaction interests behavior an obligated person, or by acquiring rights with its subsequent use. In practice, there it is very di...

When it comes to belief dynamics Y how a rational agent ought to change her full-beliefs after learning something new Y doxastic conservatism seems to have a lot going for it. Information is not gratuitous, the slogan goes, and so changes in view should always be minimal changes in view. This is the core of conservatism, and looks like just the kind of constraint that rationality imposes on bel...

At a time when mathematical fashion despises generality (seen as gratuitous “generalities”, i.e. vacuities) I affirm the principle force in all my work has been the quest for the “general.” In truth I prefer to accent “unity” rather than “generality.” But for me these are two aspects of one quest. Unity represents the profound aspect, and generality the superficial aspect. (Grothendieck, 87, p....