The study of greenhouse gas emissions has become a global focus, but few studies have considered saline-alkali paddy fields. Gas samples and saline-alkali soil samples were collected during the green, tillering, booting, heading and grain filling stages. The emission fluxes of CO2, CH4, and N2O as well as the pH, soil soluble salt, available nitrogen, and soil organic carbon contents were detec...

The greenhouse gas (GHG) impact of composting a range of potential feedstocks was evaluated through a review of the existing literature with a focus on methane (CH(4)) avoidance by composting and GHG emissions during composting. The primary carbon credits associated with composting are through CH(4) avoidance when feedstocks are composted instead of landfilled (municipal solid waste and biosoli...

Dual fuel diesel and natural gas heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) operate on a combination of the two fuels simultaneously. By substituting diesel for natural gas, vehicle operators can benefit from reduced fuel costs and as natural gas has a lower CO2 intensity compared to diesel, dual fuel HGVs have the potential to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the freight sector. In this study, ener...

The energy sector in Poland is the source of 81% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Poland, among other European Union countries, occupies a leading position with regard to coal consumption. Polish energy sector actively participates in efforts to reduce GHG emissions to the atmosphere, through a gradual decrease of the share of coal in the fuel mix and development of renewable energy sources. ...

Introduction Businesses are experiencing increasing demands to measure and manage greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from regulatory bodies as well as from the market. Many consumers and investors are increasingly environmentally aware. Not only are they interested in purchasing products and services that have minimal GHG impacts, but may even be motivated to boycott companies that refuse to limit ...

Bioenergy cropping systems could help offset greenhouse gas emissions, but quantifying that offset is complex. Bioenergy crops offset carbon dioxide emissions by converting atmospheric CO2 to organic C in crop biomass and soil, but they also emit nitrous oxide and vary in their effects on soil oxidation of methane. Growing the crops requires energy (e.g., to operate farm machinery, produce inpu...

On January 27, 2016, the Government of Canada announced that “direct and upstream greenhouse gas emissions” would factor into the regulatory review process for proposed pipeline projects.1 The new standard aims to address claims that new pipelines will induce greater expansion of Canada’s oil sands, producing more greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Specific details were not provided in the governm...

This paper studies the modeling and optimization of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of eggplant production using artificial neural network and multi-objective genetic algorithm in Guilan province of Iran. Results showed that the highest share of energy consumption belongs to diesel fuel (49.24%); followed by nitrogen (33.30%). The results indicated that a total energy input of 13910.67 ...

This paper studies the modeling and optimization of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of eggplant production using artificial neural network and multi-objective genetic algorithm in Guilan province of Iran. Results showed that the highest share of energy consumption belongs to diesel fuel (49.24%); followed by nitrogen (33.30%). The results indicated that a total energy input of 13910.67 ...

Demand for tools to rapidly assess greenhouse gas impacts from policy and technological change in the agricultural sector has catalyzed the development of 'GHG calculators'- simple accounting approaches that use a mix of emission factors and empirical models to calculate GHG emissions with minimal input data. GHG calculators, however, rely on models calibrated from measurements conducted overwh...