Ground penetrating radar (commonly called GPR) is a high resolution electromagnetic technique that is designed primarily to investigate the shallow subsurface of the earth, building materials, and roads and bridges. GPR has been developed over the past thirty years for shallow, high resolution investigations of the subsurface. GPR is a time-depen­ dent geophysical technique that can provide a 3...

GPR senses electrical inhomogeneities, with these manifested, for example, by the electrical contrast of a metal mine in the presence of a far-less-conducting soil background. Of much more difficulty, GPR senses the electrical inhomogeneity caused by a dielectric (plastic) landmine in the presence of soil. Often this contrast is very weak, implying that the landmine GPR signal is very small. Th...

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has recently gained a wide acceptance in the archaeological community as a method to quickly and accurately locate buried archaeological features, artifacts, and important cultural and geological strata in the near-surface. The GPR method has now become one of the primary tools for geophysical feature identification primarily because of its three-dimensional abili...

Ž . Ž A ground-penetrating radar GPR survey, using mostly a 500 MHz antenna, was carried out in an urban area Lecce, . Italy to obtain a detailed characterization of the most superficial layers, where presumably archaeological structures are buried, and to quickly identify anomalous zones for excavation. In the area, the presence of remnants of a historical Ž . Ž . Franciscan friary built in 14...

to date, a number of numerical methods, including the popular finite-difference time domain (fdtd) technique, have been proposed to simulate ground-penetrating radar (gpr) responses. despite having a number of advantages, the finite-difference method also has pitfalls such as being very time consuming in simulating the most common case of media with high dielectric permittivity, causing the for...

Radar, and in particular imaging radar, has many and varied applications to security. Radar is a day/night all-weather sensor, and imaging radars carried by aircraft or satellites are routinely able to achieve highresolution images of target scenes, and to detect and classify stationary and moving targets at operational ranges. Different frequency bands may be used, for example high frequencies...

[1] We compare Arecibo dual-polarization radar image data for Venus to Magellan images and emissivity data to investigate the physical properties of volcanic deposits. Radar waves can easily penetrate smooth mantling layers such as ash, aeolian and craterderived deposits. If a circularly polarized radar wave refracts into a surface that is smooth at wavelength scales, the vertical component of ...

We evaluate the penetration depth of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) signals into ground surface at different frequencies. applied dielectric models (Dobson empirical, Hallikainen, and Dobson semi-empirical) on composed soil types (sandy, loamy, clayey). These result in depths for same set sensors properties. The semi-empirical model is more sensitive to properties, followed by Hallikainen empir...