Neodyme spherical magnets are inexpensive objects that demonstrate how dipolar particles self-assemble into various structures ranging from 1D chains to 3D crystals. The dipole-dipole interactions confer the stability these particular architectures. In present paper, we explore ordered only, and evidence hybrid magnetocrystals, alternating hexagonal planes of antiparallel dipoles, have lowest m...

according to a class of constrained‎ ‎minimization problems‎, ‎the schwartz symmetrization process and the‎ ‎compactness lemma of strauss‎, ‎we prove that there is a‎ ‎nontrivial ground state solution for a class of $p$-laplace‎ ‎equations without the ambrosetti-rabinowitz condition‎.

Introduction Molecules that release light do so as a result of being in a state of high energy, often referred to as an “excited state”, and then returning to a lower energy or ground state with a subsequent release of energy (Figure 1). The production of light from excited molecules, as a means to release excess energy, is unusual. In the case of fluorescence the energy necessary to achieve th...

We demonstrate that the skeleton of the Fermi surface Sf;σ pertaining to a uniform metallic ground state (corresponding to fermions with spin index σ) is determined by the Hartree-Fock contribution Σ σ (k) to the dynamical self-energy Σσ(k; ε). That is to say, in order for k ∈ Sf;σ it is necessary (but for anisotropic ground states in general not sufficient) that the following equation be satis...

We propose the study of non-local gauge invariant operators to obtain an uncontaminated ground state for hadrons. The efficiency of the operators is shown by looking at the wave function of the first excited state, which has a node as a function of spatial extent of the operator.

For a large class of finite-range quantum spin models with half-integer spins, we prove that uniqueness of the ground state implies the existence of a low-lying excited state. For systems of linear size L, of arbitrary finite dimension, we obtain an upper bound on the excitation energy (i.e., the gap above the ground state) of the form (C logL)/L. This result can be regarded as a multi-dimensio...

We obtain the exact Green function for excited-state geminate reversible dissociation with two different lifetimes and quenching in one dimension, in the absence of a potential of interaction. We consider the ground-state and irreversible reactions as special limits, and investigate the long time asymptotic behavior in comparison with that observed in three dimensions. © 1999 American Institute...

For a large class of finite-range quantum spin models with half-integer spins, we prove that uniqueness of the ground state implies the existence of a low-lying excited state. For systems of linear size L, of arbitrary finite dimension, we obtain an upper bound on the excitation energy (i.e., the gap above the ground state) of the form (C log L)/L. This result can be regarded as a multi-dimensi...