This article contains a current outline of the GSM system security, with focus on the air interface protocol. It presents the terminology and describes the GSM security operation, including its principles and features. This document also discusses the effectiveness of GSM authentication and the strength of GSM encryption. It includes therefore the most significant physical and cryptanalytic att...

Electronic voting systems have the potential to improve traditional voting procedures by providing added convenience and flexibility to the voter. Numerous electronic voting schemes have been proposed in the past, but most of them have failed to provide voter authentication in an efficient and transparent way. On the other hand, GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is the most widely u...

This paper describes the early history of GSM, who founded it, and why it was founded. Some services of GSM will be described like SMS, and the emergency call service. The network layout of GSM, and the layers of the protocol will also be described. Introduction GSM was conceived in the early 1980’s by the study group: Groupe Spécial Mobile. GSM had some ambitious goals, some were met, and some...

This chapter presents a broad study on the potential of applying RRM techniques to the global system for mobile communication (GSM)/enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE) system. Even though the presented results are focused on the GSM/EDGE system, the principles employed by most of the considered RRM techniques can be applied to other radio access networks (RANs). We thus hope that the r...

This paper presents GSM speech coder indirect identification algorithm based on sending novel identification pilot signals through the GSM speech channel. Each GSM subsystem disturbs identification pilot, while speech coder uniquely changes the tempo-spectral characteristics of the proposed pilot signal. Speech coder identification algorithm identifies speech coder with the usage of robust line...

Male genital self-mutilation (GSM) is a rare but serious phenomenon. Some of the risk factors for this act are the presence of religious delusions, command hallucinations, low self-esteem, and feelings of guilt associated with sexual offences. Other risk factors include failures in the male role, problems in the early developmental period, such as experiencing difficulties in male identificatio...

Ovine lentiviruses and caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) are prototypic lentiviruses that replicate predominantly in macrophages of infected animals. In situ hybridization of pathologically affected tissues from diseased animals has shown that viral RNA exists in permissive macrophages as well as in non-macrophage cell types that do not support productive virus replication. These find...

Mobile wireless networks are more vulnerable to unauthorised access and eavesdropping when compared with the traditional fixed wired networks due to the mobility of users, the transmission of signals through open-air and the requirement of low power consumption by a mobile user. This paper focuses on the security techniques used within the GSM standard. First, current GSM security system vulner...

Open base transceiver station (BTS) project was originally developed using open-source Unix/Linux applications in conjunction with Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) to implement GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) air interface supporting GSM handsets at much lower cost than commercial carrier BTS systems. This paper emphasizes concepts and methodology of low cost Open BTS im...