introduction:One of the most important chalenges in studing the anxiety disorders like PTSD is ethical limits in order to make the animal anxious. Sometimes  this anxiety should last for a long time such as rodent models of PTSD, and this needs aggressive proceses on rats.We found a new approach for a rodent model of PTSD, wich seems to be more efficient and ethical. Materials and Methouds...

cataract is multi-factorial eye disease identified by the disturbance of the transparent ocular lens. there is significant evidence suggesting oxidative damage as a major cause of initiation and progression of numerous diseases including cataracts. nad(p)h:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (nqo1; omim: 125860) and catalase (cat, omim: 115500) are antioxidant enzymes that prevent cells from oxidative str...

background: dirofilaria immitis is a common nematode of the cardiovascular system, which infects carnivores all over the world. the infection is prevalent in dogs, but in cats and human is rare. dirofilariosis is transmitted by mosquitoes. cats are accidental hosts and are naturally resistant to the infection, compared to the dogs. mild infection can cause severe illness in cats and may lead to...

the aim of the present study was to determine the protective action of silymarin on acute toxicity due totetracycline severe overdose in cats. thirty healthy cats were randomly allotted into five equal groups. catsin group a were given tetracycline (single dose 120 mg⁄kg, p.o.); group b consisted of cats that receivedsilymarin (single dose 30 mg⁄kg, p.o.) concurrent with tetracycline administra...

a 4-month-old, intact male domestic short-hair cat was presented to veterinary hospital with an acuteonset of regurgitation and respiratory distress. thoracic and abdominal radiographs identified a massconsisted of a heterogeneous mixture of soft tissue and gas densities between heart and craniodorsal part of the diaphragm that was shifted to the left. the stomach could not be seen clearly. rad...

behavioral problems in cats have drawn more attention in recent years since they affect the cat-owner relationship. this study was designed to study the rate of cats with undesirable behaviors according to their owners. frequency of behavioral problems in 167 cats attending small animal hospital, faculty of veterinary medicine, university of tehran, was evaluated using a questionnaire. accordin...

This study primarily addresses the development of dynamic, selective and economical metal–acid (bifunctional) catalysts for one-pot menthol production by citral hydrogenation. Specifically, various metals such as Pd, Pt, Ni, Cs Sn were doped over alumina support. Additionally, bifunctional composite also prepared with impregnation heteropoly acids Pd precursors Analytical techniques (e.g., BET,...

The effect of different thiourea (TU) concentrations (10 and 20 mM) on antioxidants, protease activity and protein content with and without H2O2 (50 mM) induced stress was investigated in wheat leaves. A gradual decrease in protein content with a peak at 72 hours was observed in stressed as well as control leaves. This gradual decrease in leaf protein content at different time intervals was com...

in this paper, we discuss the ways that communication accommodation theory (cat) can be a useful framework for understanding and diagnosing interactional issues in interpersonal and intergroup conflict situations. we argue that the theory’s construct of attuning strategies provides a multidimensional view of mutual adjustment, leading to insights relevant to successful versus unsuccessful confl...