background. efficient canal preparation is the key to successful root canal treatment. this study aimed to assess the cleaning and shaping ability, preparation time and file deformation of rotary, reciprocating and manual instrumentation in canal preparation of primary molars. methods. the mesiobuccal canals of 64 extracted primary mandibular second molars were injected with india ink. the samp...

We show that oversampled filter banks FBs) offer more design freedom and less noise sensitivity t 6 an critically sampled FBs. We provide a parameterization of all synthesis FBs satisfyin perfect reconstruction for a given oversampled analysis FE, and we derive bounds and expressions for the variance of the reconstruction error due to noisy subband signals. Finally, we introduce noise shaping i...

We propose a minimum cost method for traffic shaping and policing in the context of quality-of-service (QoS) based networks. Given the user's desired QoS and the network's resource availability, our procedure determines the least-cost parameters for a traffic shaper or policer which still guarantees access to the network whilst satisfying the QoS constraints. We illustrate our scheme using on-o...