Two siblings, from consanguineous parents, developed in their twenties a Parkinsonian syndrome. In the elder, the disease evolved for 13 years and the necropsic study was diagnostic of Hallervorden-Spatz disease. The younger sibling is severely affected after 12 years of the disorder. Several CT and one MR studies done in this patient during the last 4 years have been normal. Ultrastructural st...

Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome (HSS) is a heredodegenerative disorder characterized by both progressive pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs, dysarthric speech, and mental deterioration. No diagnostic biochemical test is yet available, and diagnosis of HSS can be confirmed only at autopsy by the characteristic neuropathology including abnormal iron storage, disordered myelination, and loss of brain ...

Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome is a disorder characterized by dystonia, parkinsonism, and iron accumulation in the brain. The disease is caused by mutations in gene encoding pantothenate kinase 2 (PANK2) and patients have pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration. We present an 8-year-old boy with progressive muscle dystonia, neuroregression, frequent fall and multiple injur...

Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is usually associated with dystonia, which is typically severe and progressive over time. Pallidal stimulation (GPi DBS) has been carried out in selected cases of PKAN with drug-resistant dystonia with variable results. We report a 30-month follow-up study of a 30-year-old woman with PKAN-related dystonia treated with GPi DBS. Postoperativ...