Over 60 lignin-related model compounds were phosphitylated with 2chloro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyldioxaphospholane, a sterically hindered analogue of 2-chloro-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane used in earlier work, and their 31P chemical shifts were recorded. Excellent resolution between the chemical shifts of phosphitylated carboxylic acids, phenols and aliphatic alcohols was obtained. The correlations of the p...

Negative-ion electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry with an anionic phosphine ligand enables detection of key intermediates in the Sonogashira reaction. MS/MS techniques are used to generate a Hammett plot for the key reductive elimination step.

Three series of thioglycosyl donors differing only in their respective aglycon substituents within each series have been prepared as representatives of typical glycosyl donors. The relative anomeric reactivities of these donors were quantified under competitive glycosylation conditions with various reaction time, promoters, solvents and acceptors. Over three orders of magnitude reactivity diffe...

In analogy to 4-b-substituted benzoyl)-N-methylpyridinium cations (1 -X's), the title species (2-X's, -X = -0CH3, -CH3, -H, -Br, -COCH3, -N02) undergo two reversible, well-separated (E1122650 mV) one-electron reductions. The effect of substitution on the reduction potentials of 2-X's is much weaker than the effect of the same substituents on 1-X's: the Hammett p-values are 0.80 and 0.93 for the...

C-K Wong, C J K Hammett, R The, J K French, W Gao, B J Webber, J M Elliott, A W Hamer, J A Ormiston, M W I Webster, R A H Stewart, R V Ameratunga, H D White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

A series of five 3-nitroflavones were tested for their ability to inhibit the formation of colon aberrant crypt foci (ACF) induced by a s.c. injection of azoxymethane (C2H6N2O) in rats. Our aim was to relate the electron-donating effects of the 3-nitroflavones as characterized by their Hammett substitution constants with their efficacy in inhibiting ACF. In a first assay (initiation, protocol A...

A comprehensive DFT study of a set of oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) molecules is performed to understand the structural and electronic changes upon functionalization. These changes are rationalized within a model considering frontier molecular orbitals of the p-conjugated system and r-bonding orbital by which the functional group is attached to the host molecule. Two simple scalar quantum chemica...

A study of the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of 2f (OL-135), a potent inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), is detailed, targeting the 5-position of the oxazole. Examination of a series of substituted benzene derivatives (12-14) revealed that the optimal position for substitution was the meta-position with selected members approaching or exceeding the potency of 2f. Concurren...

A "V"-shaped Hammett plot shows that resonance-assisted hydrogen bonding does not dictate the strength of the intramolecular hydrogen bond in the E isomers of hydrazone-based switches because it involves an aromatic pyridyl ring.

Substituent effects on the physical properties and pKa of phenol were studied using density functional theory [B3LYP /6-311G(d,p)] calculations. Substituents alter the physical properties of phenol such as the hydroxyl-group C-0 and 0-H bond lengths, the C-0-H bond angle, and the energy barrier to rotation about the C-0 bond, and also influence the hydroxyl-group pK •. Except for the rotational...