has been verified experimentally when the charge moves inside a magnetic medium for which B is much larger than μ0H [9]. 3 It is sometimes preferable that the force law be given in term of the total magnetic field on the current, in which case it is generally best (in the author’s opinion) to use the Maxwell stress tensor [8]. In 1908 Einstein and Laub [10, 11, 12] argued that the force density...

Superconducting (SC) magnets for accelerator concepts are often synthesized by numerically optimizing magnetic field waveforms, a process that requires subsequent solution of constrained inverse problem to identify suitable SC magnet windings. When the desired distribution is intuitive, facilitated seeding preconceived coil distributions into design optimization methods refinement. With more co...

This paper introduces two techniques for approximating the Biot–Savart integral for deforming elliptical Gaussian functions. The primary motivation is to develop a high spatial accuracy vortex method. The first technique is a regular perturbation of the streamfunction in the small parameter = a−1 a+1 , where a2 is the aspect ratio of the basis function. This perturbative technique is suitable f...

We hypothesized that the presence of monoclonal free kappa or lambda immunoglobulin light chains in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), as detected by the serum free light chain (FLC) assay increases the risk of progression to malignancy. Of 1384 patients with MGUS from Southeastern Minnesota seen at the Mayo Clinic from 1960 to 1994, baseline serum samples obtained withi...

Acheson, James M. 116, 122, 164 Achilles (and the tortoise) 5 Alaska 50–58, 68 naming practices 69–73 salmon fishing 121–122, 135–136 Aleut 55 Algonquian labor process 102, 140 Alzheimer’s pigs 11 American Sign Language 94–96 Amerindian, multinaturalism 9 ancestry 22, 59–60 genetic 25–35, 68, 183 Inuit 52–58 Maori 59 population 85 Aneesh, A. 36, 187 animal rights 91, 144 animal studies 91 anima...

Based on a detailed study of the temperature structure of the intracluster medium in the halo of M 87, abundance profiles of 7 elements, O, Mg, Si, S, Ar, Ca, and Fe are derived. In addition, abundance ratios are derived from the ratios of line strengths, whose temperature dependences are small within the temperature range of the ICM of M 87. The abundances of Si, S, Ar, Ca and Fe show strong d...

This paper introduces a new method for approximating the Biot-Savart integral for elliptical Gaussian functions using high-order interpolation and compares it to an existing method based on small aspect ratio asymptotics. The new evaluation technique uses polynomials to approximate the kernel corresponding to the integral representation of the streamfunction. We determine the polynomial coeffic...

We report the integration of a FMM (Fast Multipole Method) template library “FMMTL” into the discrete circulation-preserving vortex sheets method to accelerate the Biot-Savart integral. We measure the speed-up on a bubble oscillation test with varying mesh resolution. We also report a few examples with higher complexity than previously achieved.