An analytic model for optimizing thermoelectric power generation system is developed and utilized for parametric studies. This model takes into account the external thermal resistances with hot and cold reservoirs. In addition, the spreading thermal resistance in the module substrates is considered to find the impact of designing small fraction of thermo elements per unit area. Previous studies...

Heat resistance at 100 C (D-values), sporulating ratios, toxigenicity for mice, and lecithinase activity (as micrograms per milliliter of enzyme, ascertained by the lecithovitellin reaction) were determined for four strains of Clostridium perfringens. A definite inverse relationship between thermal resistance and toxigenicity was found. The D-values ranged from 17.6 for the most heat-resistant ...

In this study, the relationship among the concepts of entropy generation rate, entransy theory, and generalized thermal resistance to the optimal design of thermal systems is discussed. The equations of entropy and entransy rates are compared and their implications for optimization of conductive heat transfer are analyzed. The theoretical analyses show that based on entropy generation minimizat...

A thermosyphon is an efficient heat transfer device, which transports heat using gravity for the evaporation and condensation of the working fluid. In the present study the Box-Benhnken (BBD) design approach was chosen for the Two-Phase Closed Thermosyphon (TPCT) with CeO2 nanofluid using 0.1% volume of Nanofluid with surfactant of ethylene glycol. The experiment resulted in identifying the opt...

The falling and settling of solid particles in gases and liquids is a natural phenomenon happens in many industrial processes. This phenomenon has altered pure forced convection to a combination of heat conduction and heat convection in a flow over a plate. In this paper, the coupling of conduction (inside the plate) and forced convection of a non-homogeneous nanofluid flow (over a flat plate) ...

The goal of this paper is to experimentally study the behavior of nanofluid to improve the performance of a circular heat pipe. Pure water and Al2O3-water based nanofluid are used as working fluids. An experimental setup is designed and constructed to study the heat pipe performance under different operating conditions. The effect of filling ratio, volume fraction of nano-particle in the base f...

In this work, slip flow of helium gas has been studied in a three dimensional rectangular microchannel heat sink with 11 microchannel and 10 rectangular fins. Helium gas flow is considered ideal and incompressible. The finite volume method with using coupled algorithm is employed to carry out the computation. To validate the present work, comparison with numerical and experimental studies is do...

Multiple stress resistance traits were investigated in the cactophilic fly Drosophila buzzatii. Adults from seven populations derived from North-Western Argentina were compared with respect to traits relevant for thermal stress resistance and for resistance to other forms of environmental stress. The populations were collected along an altitudinal gradient spanning more than 2000 m in height, s...