Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are oligomeric stress proteins characterized by an α-crystallin domain (ACD) surrounded by a N-terminal arm and C-terminal extension. Publications on sHSPs have reported that they exist in prokaryotes and eukaryotes but, to our knowledge, not in viruses. Here we show that sHSPs are present in some cyanophages that infect the marine unicellular cyanobacteria, Sy...

We have constrained the intrinsic parameters, such as the magnetic energy density fraction (ǫB), the electron energy density fraction (ǫe), the initial Lorentz factor (Γ0) and the Lorentz factor of the reverse external shock (Γrs), of GRB990123, in terms of the afterglow information (forward shock model) and the optical flash information (reverse shock model). Our result shows: 1) the inferred ...

It is shown that the decompressive shock, i.e., a shock where the pressure behind the front is smaller than the pressure ahead of it, is possible in a radiative plasma; this is in contrast to the situation in classic gas dynamics. An example of a steady state decompressive shock wave for a simple, but realistic model for radiative losses is presented. It is shown that it satisfies the Landau st...

Heat-shock proteins (hsp) were elicited when mycelia of the Downs strain and the more virulent G184A and G222B strains of Histoplasma capsulatum were shifted up to temperatures which induced the mycelial-to-yeast transition (34-40 degrees C). The classes of the major hsp which increased in synthesis in each strain were similar. However, the pattern of synthesis of these proteins at the differen...

The large-scale coronal shock waves observed from radio type II bursts and from Moreton waves have proven surprisingly difficult to detect in coronal images. I review the evidence for such waves in radio, optical, EUV, and soft X-ray images. The data generally support the conclusion that the metric type II bursts can be identified with weak fast-mode shock waves launched at the impulsive phase ...

The processes of merging and splitting dilute-gas Bose-Einstein condensates are studied in the nonadiabatic, high-density regime. Rich dynamics are found. Depending on the experimental parameters, uniform soliton trains containing more than ten solitons or the formation of a high-density bulge as well as dispersive shock waves are observed experimentally within merged BECs. Our numerical simula...

Paired rats are known to behave aggressively when given painful electric shocks. The present study developed a procedure whereby individual rats given shocks might bite an inanimate target object. Unavoidable shock was delivered to the rat while it was restrained in a position close to, and facing a target object. Biting of the target was recorded automatically. Shock caused the rat to bite met...

[1]The terrestrial magnetosheath is embedded with coherent high-speed jets of about 1RE in scale, predominantly during quasi-radial interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). When these high dynamic pressure (Pdyn) jets hit the magnetopause, they cause large indentations and further magnetospheric effects. The source of these jets has remained controversial. One of the proposed mechanisms is based on...

In theoretical studies, the most commonly used measure of ecological stability is resilience: ecosystems asymptotic rate of return to equilibrium after a pulse-perturbation -or shock. A complementary notion of growing popularity is reactivity: the strongest initial response to shocks. On the other hand, empirical stability is often quantified as the inverse of temporal variability, directly est...

A new method to measure shock wave unsteadiness is presented. Time-resolved visualizations of the flow field under investigation are obtained using a high-speed schlieren optical system and the motion of the shock wave is determined by means of digital image processing. Information on the shock's unsteadiness is subsequently derived with Fourier analysis. A sample study on shock unsteadiness in...