Effector functions in the immune system are carried out by a variety of cell types, and as our understanding of the complexity of the system expands, the number of recognized subdivisions of cell types also continues to increase. B lymphocytes, producing antibody, were initially distinguished from T lymphocytes, which provide help for B cells (1, 2). The T-cell population was further divided wh...

lnterleukin 2-containing supernatants from concanavalin A-activated spleen cells (CSCS) were found to provide strong helper activity for cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against allogeneic stimulator cells in microculture systems, but provided usually insufficient help for CTL responses against I-region compatible allogeneic or TNP-haptenated syngeneic stimulator cells. The interleukin 2-...

An experimental condition was established in vivo for selectively eliminating hapten-reactive suppressor T-cell activity generated in mice primed with a para-azobenzoate (PAB)-mouse gamma globulin (MGG)-conjugate and treated with PAB-nonimmunogenic copolymer of D-amino acids (D- glutamic acid and D-lysine; D-GL). The elimination of suppressor T-cell activity with PAB-D-GL treatment from the mix...

The Qa-1 cell surface phenotype reportedly distinguishes two Ly-1 T cell subsets conjointly required for T helper effector activity. Ly-1 cells, obtained from several different priming regimens, were negatively selected with anti-Qa-1 plus complement and compared with unselected Ly-1 cells for helper cell activity. Priming isolated T cells on antigen-pulsed macrophages in the absence of B cells...

A sequential mouse cell culture system is described for the induction and assay of T-helper cells. Unprimed, cortisone-resistant, nylon wool-purified thymocytes cultured with adherent peritoneal exudate cells can be primed in vitro with soluble carrier protein to generate carrier-reactive helper cells. These cultured cells enhance the anti-hapten plaque-forming response of hapten-primed spleen ...

The humoral immune response to heterologous erythrocytes requires the cooperation of B lymphocytes and helper T cells. The production of anti-sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) 1 IgG is almost wholly dependent on the activity of T help (reviewed in 1). Helper T cells that recognize the carrier portion of an immunogen have been known for some time (2). More recently evidence has accumulated that other he...

the t helper 17 (th17) cells have been suggested to have osteoclast activating effects while t helper 2 (th2) cells are considered to have an osteoprotective role in periodontitis. this study was to compare the markers of th17 cells (rorc2 and il-17 genes) with that of th2 cells (il-4 and gata-3 genes) between healthy and periodontitis tissues.the samples were obtained from patients with period...