BACKGROUND Localizing the human interhemispheric region is of interest in image analysis mainly because it can be used for hemisphere separation and as a preprocessing step for interhemispheric structure localization. Many existing methods focus on only one of these applications. NEW METHOD Here a new Intensity and Symmetry based Interhemispheric Surface extraction method (ISIS) that enables ...

[1] We observed Titan in 1996–2004 with high-resolution 2 mm speckle and adaptive optics imaging at the W. M. Keck Observatory. By observing in a 2 mm broadband filter we obtain images that have contributions from both Titan’s surface and atmosphere. We have modeled Titan’s atmosphere using a plane-parallel radiative transfer code that has been corrected to agree with 3-D Monte Carlo prediction...

A number of recent studies have shown a strong link between hemispheric asymmetry in tropical precipitation and the atmospheric energy budget. The energetics framework has been used to explain why the mean position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is in the Northern Hemisphere (Frierson et al. 2013; Marshall et al. 2013), to demonstrate the large-scale circulation and precipitation ...

The extent of snow cover1 and sea ice2 in the Northern Hemisphere has declined since 1979, coincident with hemispheric warming and indicative of a positive feedback of surface reflectivity on climate. This albedo feedback of snow on land has been quantified from observations at seasonal timescales3–6, and century-scale feedback has been assessed using climate models7–10. However, the total impa...

Globally, the seasonal cycle is the largest single component of observed sea surface temperature (SST) variability, yet it is still not fully understood. Herein, the degree to which the structure of the seasonal cycle of Southern Hemisphere SST can be explained by the present understanding of surface fluxes and upper-ocean physics is examined. It has long been known that the annual range of Sou...

Late Holocene climate in western North America was punctuated by periods of extended aridity called megadroughts. These droughts have been linked to cool eastern tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Here, we show both short-term and long-term climate variability over the last 1,500 y from annual band thickness and stable isotope speleothem data. Several megadroughts are evident, in...

The authors analyze changes in the tropical sea surface temperature (SST), surface wind, and other fields from the twentieth to the twenty-first century in climate projections using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) multimodel ensemble, focusing on the seasons January–March (JFM) and July–September (JAS). When the annual mean change is subtracted, the remaining ‘‘seasona...

Please cite this article in press as: Hinson, D.P., W Mars. Icarus (2009), doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.0 We have investigated the near-surface meteorology in the northern hemisphere of Mars through detailed analysis of data obtained with Mars Global Surveyor in January–August 2005. The season in the northern hemisphere ranged from midsummer through winter solstice of Mars Year (MY) 27. We examine...