flaviviridae are viruses that cause several diseases including dengue fever, japanese encephalitis, murray valley encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis, west nile encephalitis, yellow fever and hepatitis c virus infection. members of this family have monopartite, linear, single-stranded rna genomes of positive polarity, 9.6-12.3 kb in length. here, we have analyzed the codon usage of 13 species...

conclusions hiv/hcv co-infection is an important medical problem in north-eastern poland. a history of incarceration and younger age at hiv diagnosis were additional to idu risk factors for hcv seropositivity in this cohort. patients and methods adult hiv-1 infected patients, with at least one antihcv result, treated in one of polish hiv/aids reference centers, participated in this cross-sectio...

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background: sen virus (senv) is the latest virus proposed as a cause of unknown hepatitis cases. among nine detected genotypes of the virus, genotypes d and h are more frequent in hepatitis cases of unknown origin. the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of senv-d and senv-h genotypes in the sera of healthy individuals and hepatitis b and c patients. methods: totally, 200 serum sam...

viral hepatitis is one of five infectional factors cause early death in all over the world. every day at least one million people die because of viral hepatitis. six hepatitis viruses have been known until now. they are a, b, c, d, e, g, and it is probable that at least two other kinds i.e. f, and h, will be known soon. only hepatitis b is a dna virus, and the others are rna viruses. all viruse...

background: to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis c by antibody testing, hcv-rna detection by pcr and relative risk fac­tors of hcv infection among hd patients and staff members in markazi province/iran. the other purpose was to deter­mine genotypes of hcv in this population. methods: the study group consisted of 204 hd patients and 47 staff members from all 9 dialysis centers in markazi prov...

conclusions this study provided conserved b-cell epitopes and peptides that can be useful for designing entry inhibitors and vaccines able to cover a global population, especially where genotype 5a is common. results differences in the probability of glycosylation in e1 and e2 regions were observed in this study. three conserved antigenic b-cell epitopes were predicted in the e2 regions and als...

background thalassemia patients are at risk of blood borne viral infections because of repeated transfusion of blood products. objectives we aimed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection in these patients in zabol, iran. methods this study was conducted on 152 patients with thalassemia at the center of special diseases of zabol. demographic data were collected and serum...

conclusions in conclusion, occult hbv was found in 36% of patients with negative results for hbsag, but positive results for hcv. detection of hbv-dna in both pbmcs and plasma together in comparison with plasma alone provided more true identification of obi.the svr rate was significantly higher in coinfected patients than mono-infected ones. background occult hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection (...

background and aims: natural killer t (nkt) cells have been suggested to play critical roles in a wide range of immune responses especially against hepatotropic pathogens such as hepatitis c virus (hcv). in  the  present  study,  we  investigated  the  status  of  nkt  cells  by producing interleukin-17 cytokine in  peripheral  blood.  patients and methods: as case-control study, 15 patients wi...