Introduction Sometimes there is a need to answer important clinical questions quickly. Bureaucracy can erect an insurmountable barrier. The Research Governance Framework (RGF) for Health and Social Care was introduced in England in 2005 aiming to improve the efficiency and quality of research in the NHS, but has unwittingly introduced a new layer of bureaucracy which is preventing some importan...

Gossip based multicast is a scalable and reliable protocol for dissemination of information within a group of interconnected users. Upon receiving or producing a message the process sends (pushes) it to a small constant subset of processes which is randomly selected out of the group of members. Some implementations of gossip based multicasts poll a small subset of processes for new information,...

2 Abstract Recent research on financial market development has focused on the nature of the legal system. The law and finance literature, however, exclusively focuses on the abuse of management power as a major cause of shareholder expropriation. We examine the role of the administrative capability of the state in providing and guaranteeing the institutional foundations for securities developme...

‘Union bureaucracy’ is an important yet vexed term in the study of trade unions and in radical politics. At worst, it can be a label pinned by left-wing activists on those union officers whose actions or beliefs are seen as repugnant. This usage confers the label of ‘bureaucrat’ on some union officials but not on those whose behaviour is seen as praiseworthy. The term is also used in a more ser...