The effect of repetitive electrical field stimulation and the response of the guinea-pig and rat ileal longitudinal muscle to single pulse stimulations was examined. Single pulse field stimulation produced twitch contraction which was inhibited by repetitive field stimulation (10 Hz, 40V, 0.5 msec for 5 m). This inhibition was largely, though never completely, reversed by naloxone. Contrac...

Cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) plays a critical role in mast-cell-related allergic responses [Uozumi, Kume, Nagase, Nakatani, Ishii, Tashiro, Komagata, Maki, Ikuta, Ouchi et al. (1997) Nature (London) 390, 618-622]. Bone-marrow-derived mast cells from mice lacking cPLA(2) (cPLA(-/-)(2) mice) were used in order to better define the role of cPLA(2) in the maturation and degranulation of s...

Systemic mastocytosis is an uncommon disorder of mast cell proliferation in connective tissues. Mast cell degranulation may occur on exposure to various stimuli and drugs. The release of histamine, heparin and vasoactive substances such as prostaglandin D2 may cause severe hypotension and other anaphylactoid manifestations. Anaesthetic management should include perioperative stabilization of ma...

Herbex-kid (HK), a polyherbal formulation was evaluated in various experimental allergic models of Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Compound 48/80 (C 48/80) has been shown to induce rat mesentery mast cell degranulation and HK (1.07, 10.75 and 107.5 mg ml(-1)) inhibited the mast cell degranulation in a dose dependent manner. HK (1.07, 10.75 and 107.5 mg kg(-1); p.o.) showed dose-dependent pro...

The activation of presynaptic histamine 3 (H(3)) receptors inhibits the release of histamine and other neurotransmitters from central nervous system neurons. Rat brain mast cells (MCs) release histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in response to neuropeptides and neurotransmitters secreted from adjacent neurons. Dura MCs also degranulate in response to antidromic trigeminal nerve stimulation...

BACKGROUND Rosacea, a common chronic skin disorder, is currently managed by patient education, pharmacological drugs, medical devices (laser and light therapies), and use of proper skin cares. Unfortunately, none of these actual treatments used alone or in combination is curative, and so we proposed a dermocosmetic active ingredient to mitigate some aspects of the rosacea and particularly for e...

BACKGROUND Basophils are an active participant in the pathogenesis of local inflammation in allergic diseases such as asthma, but it is not fully known how basophil activation is regulated in inflamed tissue. OBJECTIVE In order to clarify the control mechanisms of basophil activation in chronic inflammation and at remodeling sites, we analyzed the effects of fibroblast-derived cytokines, stem...

Differences in morphological changes of basophils between antigen and antiIgE stimulation were examined in atopic subjects in relation to histamine release. 1. Antigen-induced release of histamine was remarkably more rapid and larger at any incubation time than the release by anit-lgE. and a significant difference was found at 3 to 9 min. 2. Decrease in number of basophils induced by antigen wa...

The relation of tissue mast cells to immune reactions, particularly anaphylaxis, has been the subject of extensive investigation and speculation in recent years. It is generally agreed that a variety of pharmacologically active substances are involved in the pathogenesis of anaphylaxis, that many of these substances are stored in tissue mast cells, and that anaphylaxis in many species is mediat...