Tarhana is a popular traditional Turkish cereal-based fermented food product mainly produced at home or at home-scale level. Some certain mould species can grow even at low moisture and pH values and produce aflatoxins in food. This study was conducted to determine aflatoksin levels in tarhana. For this purpose, a total of 138 tarhana powder samples were collected from bazaars in Istanbul and a...

Because household-based survey designs are notoriously ineffective in studying hard-to-reach groups such as irregular migrants, these groups, however numerically large they may be, are rarely represented in demographic analyses. In this article, we report on the application of a workplace-based stratified probability sampling design (a variant of the time-location sampling approach), response r...

as aromatic stimulants or purgatives, it is probable that some substitutes might be procured from our Indian Materia Medica ; and I therefore forward a list of the component parts shewing how the Tincture could be made out of ingredients obtainable in our Bazaars, with the exception, I must confess, of the two principal articles in it, viz., the quinine and the spirit. But of these the latter i...

Our cultural heritage, as preserved in libraries, archives and museums, is made up of documents written many centuries ago. Largescale digitization initiatives make these documents available to nonexpert users through digital libraries and vertical search engines. For a user, querying a historic document collection may be a disappointing experience: queries involving modern words may not be ver...

Historic contexts remind us of an era when cities were built based on the needs, goals, and preferences of their inhabitants. In other words, the mental world of both the builders and the inhabitants was closely interrelated. But by ignoring citizens' memories and interests and their mental needs, today's interventions with rapid developments within historic contexts have led to amnesia and the...

The growth of urban populations in recent decades requires physical elements such as residential, commercial and cultural spaces and the development of infrastructure such as streets and highways, which will open a new horizon to the historic texture of cities and how to preserve and restore them. The development of new urban textures along with the lack of attention to the historic texture and...