More than 100 triterpene glycosides (saponins) have been characterized in holothuroids in the past several decades. In particular, Holothuria forskali contains 26 saponins in its Cuvierian tubules and 12 in its body wall. This high diversity could be linked to a chemical defense mechanism, the most commonly accepted biological role for these secondary metabolites. We performed an integrated stu...

A first checklist of the Iranian Chrysididae is proposed. The list includes 184 species in 20 genera. Seventy species and genera Spinolia Dahlbom, 1854, Spintharina Semenov, 1892, Trichrysis Lichtenstein, 1876 are newly recorded from Iran. New combination is proposed for Chrysura laconiae (Arens, 2001), comb. nov. (from Chrysis) and Chrysurapyrogaster turca (Linsenmaier, 1997), comb. nov. (from...

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There are two valuable but highly technical descriptions. The first is a study of the sucking apparatus of a small brown fly found throughout the oriental region and of a genus closely allied to Musca. It is a very common blood sucking fly of cattle in Madras. The second study by Capt. Cragg is of the Hcematopota pluvialis, a gadfly or cleg of the family of Tabanidae. It attacks man, cattle or ...

The glycan moiety of ganglioside HPG-7, isolated from the sea cucumber (Holothuria pervicax), was synthesized for the first time. The characteristic substructure, a trisialic acid sequence embedded in the glycan, was deliberately constructed by utilizing suitably differentiated sialyl units for various synthetic purposes. Finally, a pentasaccharide was successfully delivered as the hexyl glycos...

The experiment recorded in this note was undertaken in 1917, with a view to testing the notion (Crozier, 1914-15) that the fluorescent, greenish yellow, integumentary pigment characteristic of some members of the genus ttolothuria is concerned with their photic sensitivity. A functional connection of this sort was suspected because the presence and relative amount of the pigment seemed to be co...

The Rowlandius dumitrescoae species group is reviewed and rediagnosed, and its composition is revised. The group now includes Rowlandius cousinensis, Rowlandius decui, Rowlandius dumitrescoae, Rowlandius insignis, Rowlandius linsduarte, Rowlandius monensis, Rowlandius peckorum, Rowlandius potiguar, Rowlandius sul, Rowlandius ubajara, and Rowlandius pedrosoisp. n. A new species is described from...