The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships could appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Genotypic data for sandfish sampled and sequenced during study are available as Appendix S2. Filtered SNP datasets generated from sequencing been provided Appendices S3 S4 selectively neutral putatively adaptive markers, respectively. P...

Sea cucumbers are in high demand the world market due to their nutritional and medicinal values. In this study, growth performance of juvenile sea Holothuria scabra fed with different proportions two feeds was analyzed. Commercially available cucumber feed (feed-A) formulated (feed-B) were used for experiments. Animals 2% feed-A showed a negative rate. Maximum observed animals 8% feed-B. While ...

Settlement and post-settlement processes of the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra Jaeger were studied in the laboratory. Independent and paired choice experiments revealed that several substrates could induce metamorphosis into pentactulae, but that specific substrates favoured settlement. Leaves of seagrass Thalassia hemprichii, with or without their natural bio-film, yielded the highest settleme...