Induction of twinning by ipsilateral nonsurgical transfer of two frozen-thawed Japanese Black bovine embryos to each of 20 Holstein and 26 Japanese Black cows, that had been kept under a stable in private farm conditions, was examined. The cows were monitored every 20 days from Day 2.5 to Day 65 of gestation for pregnancy and fetus survival (estrus is Day 0). Seventy-five per cent ( 1.5 of 20),...

The purpose of this study was to monitor current and predict future rates of inbreeding in the Danish dairy breeds. Calves born from 1999 until 2003 and registered as Danish Holstein (1,883,983), Danish Jersey (336,966), or Danish Red (261,047) were reference populations. Average complete generation equivalent was approximately 7. For calves born in 2003, average inbreeding was 3.9, 3.4, and 1....

Calving traits for frequently used dairy breeds and crossbreeds were investigated using calving records collected in Australia over a period of 18 years. Dystocia (calving difficulty) was highest for heifers calving to Holstein-Friesian bulls, and Jersey calves caused the least dystocia. Incidence of dystocia in Holsteins was influenced by the season (gestation lengths were longer in winter, re...

An 8-day-old newborn female twin Holstein calves with a history of weakness, anorexia, emaciation and convulsion were presented to Tabriz University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. On admission, the calves were febrile and recumbent. Physical examination revealed many ticks from the external body surface of the animals, right and left prescapular lymphadenopathy, severe opisthotonos, nystagmus, p...

A recently observed lethal congenital defect of purebred Holstein calves is reported. Eighteen genetically related calves were necropsied. One calf had been aborted on gestation day 159, and the others were delivered between day 250 and day 285. Birth weights were reduced. The defect was characterized by shortening of the cervical and thoracic parts of the vertebral column due to multiple hemiv...

The upper respiratory tract (URT) hosts a complex microbial community of commensal microorganisms and potential pathogens. Analyzing the composition and nature of the healthy URT microbiota and how it changes over time will contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of pneumonia and otitis. A longitudinal study was conducted including 174 Holstein calves that were divided in four ...

Two point mutations were identified within the gene encoding bovine CD18 in a Holstein calf afflicted with leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD). One mutation causes an aspartic acid to glycine substitution at amino acid 128 (D128G) in the highly conserved extracellular region of this adhesion glycoprotein, a region where several mutations have been found to cause human LAD. The other mutation is...

This experiment was conducted to compare the effect of supplementation of milk with thyme (THY) and oregano (ORE) essences separately or a mixture of THY and ORE essences on growth performance, haematological parameters and some blood metabolites of Holstein suckling calves. Forty-eight Holstein calves (48.31±5.82 kg) were randomly allocated to four treatments including (1) control without esse...

Objective—To determine whether an anti-Salmonella bacterium is involved in control of pathogen load in persistently infected cattle herds. Animals-24 Holstein calves experimentally infected and 39 Holstein cows naturally Infected with Salmonella spp. Procedures—An Escherichia coil (designated as F8E5) that possessed anti-Salmonella activity was isolated from Salmonella-negative bovine feces obt...

Male Holstein (15) and female crossbred (15) calves, weaned from milk replacer at the end of experimental week 8, were fattened on a maize silage and concentrate diet (MSC). As a control 14 male Holstein calves were conventionally fattened on milk replacer only. The control calves reached the target slaughter weight of about 135 kg after 24.5 weeks and the MSC males after 28 weeks. The female M...