with regard to the society’s need for complicated software and high level of expenses on its development, it is necessary to take all stakeholders’ requirements and the demands into consideration, before any investments and put on the design and utilization stages. software architecture is a technical description of a software system that indicates components and their relationships between the...

[1] Several different ice nucleation parameterizations in two different General Circulation Models (GCMs) are used to understand the effects of ice nucleation on the mean climate state, and the Aerosol Indirect Effects (AIE) of cirrus clouds on climate. Simulations have a range of ice microphysical states that are consistent with the spread of observations, but many simulations have higher pres...

Chemical explosives can be found in the gaseous, liquid or solid phases but it is customary to distinguish homogeneous explosives from heterogeneous ones. Indeed experiments have revealed that the dynamical behaviors of detonative or quasi-detonative decomposition regimes of explosives have more to do with the latter classification than with the former. However, distinguishing between homogeneo...

A few experiments have detected icosahedral superclusters in undercooled liquids. These superclusters survive above the crystal melting temperature Tm because all their surface atoms have the same fusion heat as their core atoms, and are melted by liquid homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation in their core, depending on superheating time and temperature. They act as heterogeneous growth nucle...

A hydrodynamic model based on transport equations and semi-empirical multiphase equations-of-state for metals is developed and applied to simulation of short pulse laser melting and resolidification. New computational algorithms are developed for modeling of two-phase zones of solid-liquid and liquid-gas coexistence, as well as for explicit tracking of interfaces between the phases. The model a...

Reservoir models with many grid blocks suffer from long run time; it is hence important to deliberate a method to remedy this drawback. Usual upscaling methods are proved to fail to reproduce fine grid model behaviors in coarse grid models in well proximity. This is attributed to rapid pressure changes in the near-well region. Standard permeability upscaling methods are limited to systems with ...

Liquids in contact with solids are submitted to intermolecular forces inferring density gradients at the walls. The van der Waals forces make liquid heterogeneous, the stress tensor is not any more spherical as in homogeneous bulks and it is possible to obtain stable thin liquid films wetting vertical walls up to altitudes that incompressible fluid models are not forecasting. Application to mic...

Liquids in contact with solids are submitted to intermolecular forces making liquids heterogeneous and stress tensors are not any more spherical as in homogeneous bulks. The aim of this article is to show that a square-gradient functional representing liquid-vapor interface free energy corrected with a liquid density functional at solid surfaces is a well adapted model to study structures of ve...

bis-(l-tyrosinato)copper(ii) was reacted with 3-(chloropropyl)-trimethoxysilane functionalized silica that has infused magnetite to yield a magnetically separable catalyst in which the copper carboxylate is covalently linked to the silica matrix through the silane linkage. the immobilized catalyst has been characterized by spectroscopic studies (such as ft-ir, epr, magnetic measurement, sem) an...