In many research studies, animals assigned to different treatments are housed adjacently or together in a group. One critique of these designs has been the potential role of behavioral facilitation and synchronization between animals on different treatments in mixed treatment groups (heterogeneous groups). To evaluate this, we compared the synchrony of feeding behavior between dairy cows housed...

Orthopaedic surgery remains a homogenous field. Exposing women and minorities at an early age to the field, minimizing implicit biases, having more mentors willing support underrepresented groups, creating inclusive welcoming environment is critical enhancing field improving care for our patients.

■ This study reports the development of a new, modiaed delayed matching to sample (DMS) visual recognition memory task that controls the relative novelty of test stimuli and can be used in human and nonhuman primates. We report andings from normal humans and unoperated monkeys, as well as three groups of operated monkeys. In the study phase of this modiaed paradigm, subjects studied lists of tw...