purpose: compaison of excyclotorsion induced by horizontal transposition of vertical rectus muscles versus vertical transposition of horizontal rectus muscles in rabbit eyes. methods: in this exprimental study, group 1 underwent full tendon nasal transposition of the superior rectus and full tendon temporal transposition of the inferior rectus (10 adult rabbits); group 2 underwent superior tran...

1. In early local feedback models for controlling horizontal saccade amplitude, a feedback signal of instantaneous eye position is continuously subtracted from a reference signal of desired eye position at a comparator. The output of the comparator is dynamic motor error, the remaining distance the eyes must rotate to reach the saccadic goal. When feedback reduces dynamic motor error to zero, t...

Variations in aggregate poverty indices ca be due to differences in average poverty intensity, to changes in the welfare distances between those poor of initially unequal welfare status, and/or to emerging disparities in welfare among those poor of initially similar welfare status. This note uses a general cost-of-inequality approach that decomposes the total change in poverty into a sum of ind...

The gain of saccadic eye movements can be altered gradually by moving targets either forward or backward during targeting saccades. If the gain of saccades to targets of only one size is adapted, the gain change generalizes or transfers only to saccades with similar vectors. In this study, we examined the spatial extent of such saccadic size adaptation, i.e., the gain adaptation field. We also ...

In an inversion for the subsurface conductivity distribution using frequency-domain Controlled-Source Electromagnetic data, various amounts of horizontal components may be included. We investigate which combination of components are best suited to invert for a vertical transverse isotropic (VTI) subsurface. We do this by probing the solutionspace using a genetic algorithm. We found, by studying...

The site displacement due to ocean tidal loading is regarded as one of the largest uncertainties in precise geodetic positioning measurements, among which the effect of minor ocean tides (MOT), except for the 11 main tidal constituents, are sometimes neglected in routine precise global positioning system (GPS) data processing. We find that MOT can cause large vertical loading displacements with...

OBJECTIVES To study the relationship between the major horizontal and minor torsional components of congenital nystagmus to elucidate the diagnostic importance, effects on vision, and pathogenetic implications of the torsional components. METHODS We recorded the eye movements of 13 subjects with congenital nystagmus using a three-dimensional magnetic search coil technique over a 15-year perio...

Observers judged whether 2 successive computer-displayed rotations of a cube were the same or different. With respect to the observers, each rotation was about a vertical axis (Y), a horizontal (line-of-sight) axis (Z), an axis tilted just 10 degrees from vertical or horizontal, or a maximally oblique axis. Independently, with respect to the cube, each rotation was about a symmetry axis through...

to assess seismic hazard, it is essential to estimate the potential seismicity, particularly estimation of size of the largest earthquake that can be identified by a distinct fault or earthquake source. one of the methods applied to estimate magnitude of earthquake is use of empirical relationships between magnitude and fault parameters. fault parameters for the earthquakes from early instrumen...