Horses with navicular disease, laminitis, and bone spavin redistribute weight to unload the painful aspect of the foot/limb. Wedges aided this redistribution but shoe extensions did not. It is not appropriate to undertake studies into the mechanics of corrective farriery on sound horses of good conformation and then extrapolate these results to predict the effect of corrective shoeing on a lame...

Reconstruction of the vagina has always been a formidable surgical challenge. A variety of procedures with varying degrees of success have been described, but none has proved to be the ideal method. We have done 15 vaginal reconstructions using labia minora flaps. In the first eight patients, we used two labia minora flaps and sutured them together to create a neovagina. In the last eight patie...

A shoe was designed to combine the advantages of a reverse shoe and an adjustable heart bar shoe in the treatment of chronic laminitis. This reverse even frog pressure (REFP) shoe applies pressure uniformly over a large area of the frog solar surface. Pressure is applied vertically upward parallel to the solar surface of the frog and can be increased or decreased as required. Five clinically he...

Billiards are the simplest models for understanding the statistical theory of the dynamics of a gas in a closed compartment. We analyze the dynamics of a class of billiards (the open billiard on the plane) in terms of invariant and conditionally invariant probabilities. The dynamical system has a horse-shoe structure. The stable and unstable manifolds are analytically described. The natural pro...