In temperate regions, seasonal variability of environmental factors affects the bacterial community in source water and finished drinking water. Therefore, the bacterial core community and its seasonal variability in cold and the respective hot drinking water was investigated. The bacterial core community was studied by 16S rRNA-based SSCP fingerprint analyses and band sequencing of DNA and RNA...

in this paper by the introduction of the basic equipment of a solar cooling system, solar hydrogen ammonia refrigeration system as a solar cooling technique will be discussed. using heat collector and absorption refrigeration allows us to use residual heat, for cooling, heating and producing hot water and boiling water .this research focuses on methods of heat transfer from the sun into the gen...

This article presents a comparison of commercial and model based predictive control strategies aimed at optimizing efficiency of classical heating systems used in greenhouse temperature control. Two kind of heating systems are considered: aerial pipes with hot water and air-fan heaters. By using simple linearized models of the system around the predefined setpoints and a generalized predictive ...

This paper presents a novel three-phase utility frequency to high frequency soft switching power conversion circuit with dual mode pulse width modulation and pulse density modulation for high power induction heating applications as melting of steel and non ferrous metals, annealing of metals, surface hardening of steel and cast iron work pieces and hot water producers, steamers and super heated...

In this paper, we develop and investigate the optimal control of a group of 104 heat pumps and a central Combined Heat and Power unit (CHP). The heat pumps supply space heating and domestic hot water to households. Each house has a buffer for domestic hot water and a floor heating system for space heating. Electricity for the heat pumps is generated by a central CHP unit, which also provides th...

Large sets of Electric Hot Water Tanks (EHWT) found in numerous countries appear as very relevant for load-shifting applications. An EHWT heats water over relatively long periods of time, for later consumption. The simple time-of-use pricing strategy applied to most consumers increases the overall electricity consumption in the beginning of the night, while hot water is used much later, in the ...

AIMS An evaluation was made of the prevalence of Legionella species in hot water distribution systems in the city of Bologna (Italy) and their possible association with bacterial contamination (total counts and Pseudomonadaceae) and the chemical characteristics of the water (pH, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Total Organic Carbon, TOC). METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 137 hot water samples were an...

The threat of the global warming is alarming. The increase in oil prices remains a persistent worry and today’s energy challenges are truly critical. In this context, heat pumps in the residential sector appear to be an interesting solution to reduce energy consumption and emissions of greenhouse gases. The French government has developed, under the leadership of the “Grenelle of the environmen...

The influence of thermoreceptors in human facial skin on thermoeffector responses is equivocal; furthermore, the presence of thermoreceptors in the respiratory tract and their involvement in thermal homeostasis has not been elucidated. This study tested the hypothesis that hot air directed on the face and inhaled during whole body passive heat stress elicits an earlier onset and greater sensiti...