Disturbances can facilitate the spread of exotic plants, which establish mutualisms with bees, constituting invader complexes. However, a disturbance-mediated increase in flower resources also promote native floral visitors due to fact that plant-pollinator interactions are generalist. We experimentally tested these ideas northern Patagonian woodlands. In three sites, we examined effect harvest...

Water evaporation has a marked effect on the passive rates of body temperature change of eristaline hoverflies. It results in the equilibrium temperature of these flies being significantly lower than ambient temperature. Different values for the cooling and warming constants are therefore obtained depending on whether equilibrium or ambient temperature is used as the baseline. Hence, care must ...

The effect of wing flexibility in hoverflies was investigated using an at-scale mechanical model. Unlike dynamically-scaled models, an at-scale model can include all phenomena related to motion and deformation of the wing during flapping. For this purpose, an at-scale polymer wing mimicking a hoverfly was fabricated using a custom micromolding process. The wing has venation and corrugation prof...