Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) has become a standard method to approach large urinary stones (over 2cm) located in the kidney or proximal ureter. Among the minimal invasive urological procedures, PCNL still remains as the most morbid treatment. The routine of using post-operative nephrostomy is still controversial, and some authors supports that tubeless PCNL could be as safe as standard...

The complete removal of the cement mantle at revision arthroplasty can be extremely difficult. Some authors advise a 'cement-within-cement' revision technique in which a new layer of cement is applied to the old before insertion of the femoral component. We could find no long-term clinical data regarding the success of this procedure. In a simple biomechanical study, we examined the strength of...

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