Drawing on Michel Foucault’s philosophical theory of a power triangle, this paper explores the relational dynamics between International Non-Governmental Organisations (INGOs), United Nations (UN), and sovereign states. It reflects emergence multilateral aid after World War Two how became institutionalised professionalised, resulting in dynamic INGOs, UN Western governments that is akin to pare...

For humanitarian health-care practitioners bearing witness to violations of human dignity has become synonymous with denunciations, human rights advocacy, or lobbying for political change. A strict reliance on legal interpretations of humanitarianism and human rights is inadequate for fully understanding the problems inherent in political change. With examples from the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the ...

Along with other types of racially mixed families, families built through transracial adoption in the United States have solidified as an increasingly recognized family form. this increasing acknowledgement, must also contend narratives that formulate act humanitarianism on one hand and a replication systemic racism colonialism other. This article explores how members respond to these contradic...

A compelling agent-based computer simulation suggests that ethnocentrism, often thought to rely on complex social cognition and learning, may have arisen through biological evolution (Hammond & Axelrod, 2006). From a neutral start, ethnocentric strategies evolve to dominate other possible strategies (selfish, traitorous, and humanitarian) that differentiate patterns of cooperation with in-group...