Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a persistent pathogen that causes acute and chronic necroinflammatory liver disease and is attributable to ~1 million deaths per year. In the present study, a conventional murine model was introduced based on the hydrodynamic injection of engineered replication‑competent HBV DNA into the tail veins of C57BL/6 mice. In a previous study, nine in‑frame ATG (start) codons...

BACKGROUND Ethanol injection is widely used in liposome preparation. However, the parameters determining particle size distribution of the liposomal preparation has not been fully defined. MATERIALS AND METHODS A syringe pump-driven microfluidic injection device was used to produce liposomes under different conditions. RESULTS Particle size of the liposomes was decreased with decrease in ne...

Type 1 VWD is the mild to moderate reduction of VWF levels. This study examined the mechanisms underlying 2 common type 1 VWD mutations, the severe R1205H and more moderate Y1584C. In vitro biosynthesis was reduced for both mutations in human and mouse VWF, with the effect being more severe in R1205H. VWF knockout mice received hydrodynamic injections of mouse Vwf cDNA. Lower VWF antigen levels...

An ultrasmall hydrodynamic diameter is a critical factor for the renal clearance of nanoparticles from the body within a reasonable timescale. However, the integration of diagnostic and therapeutic components into a single ultrasmall nanoparticle remains challenging. In this study, pH-activated nanodots (termed Fe-CPNDs) composed of coordination polymers were synthesized via a simple and scalab...

We recently reported that after LPS stimulation, IL-37 translocates to the nucleus and reduces the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to investigate whether transiently expressed IL-37 in mice reduces inflammation in concanavalin A (ConA)-induced hepatitis and LPS-induced sepsis. Transgene IL-37 expression was detected in the liver lysate of mice injected with IL...

50 kDa chitosan was conjugated with folate, a specific tissue-targeting ligand. Nanoparticles such as chitosan-DNA and folate-chitosan-DNA were prepared by coacervation process. The hydrodynamic intravenous injection of nanoparticles was performed in the right posterior paw in normal and arthritic rats. Our results demonstrated that the fluorescence intensity of DsRed detected was 5 to 12 times...

RNA interference (RNAi) is a sequence-specific gene-silencing mechanism triggered by double-stranded RNA. RNAi was shown to allow transient or stable knockdown of gene expression in a broad range of species and has been used successfully for functional genomic screens in mammalian cells and Caenorhabditis elegans. Standard therapeutic use of RNAi in clinical settings in humans has been hampered...

Initially homogeneous uspensions of bubbles in basaltic magmas and lava flows may become unstable and form rising waves or layers of bubbles. We derive a set of model equations for the two-phase (bubble-liquid) system and present the results of a linear stability analysis and numerical simulations. Periodic vesicle layers are preserved in Columbia l•iver flows with a spacing of •1 m; the predic...