For a stable supply of electricity power plants are required to provide ancillary services in addition to energy production. This paper suggests a solution for optimal bidding strategy for hydroelectric units operating in markets where both energy and ancillary services are priced simultaneously. The model is illustrated on a numerical example of a hydro unit operating in such markets of New Yo...

The increasing interest in energy storage for the grid can be attributed to multiple factors, including the capital costs of managing peak demands, the investments needed for grid reliability, and the integration of renewable energy sources. Although existing energy storage is dominated by pumped hydroelectric, there is the recognition that battery systems can offer a number of high-value oppor...

In order to evaluate the reliability characteristics of the electricity generating systems which in addition to thermal plants with unlimited available energy includes also hydroelectric plants, beside the stochastic outages of generating units, the limitation of the – from stochastic inflows dependent – available amounts of primary energy (water) must be also taken into account. Therefore the ...

Today, with the great development of science and technology, it seems to be more and more important to develop renewable energy sources. In this thesis, I would like to introduce something about Chinese water resources. The renewable energy sources can generate electricity. Furthermore, hydropower is the most often used energy in the world. Hydropower develops quickly in recent years in China a...

1. Water and the Environment 1.1. The Hydrological Cycle 1.2. Surface Water and Groundwater 1.3. Aquatic Ecosystems 1.4. Water Quality and Health 1.5. Climate Variability and Water Resources 1.6. Climate Change and Water Resources 1.7. Other Threats Linked to Water Resources 2. Water and Food: Agriculture 2.1. Water Requirements 2.2. Farming with Agrochemicals 2.3. Water and Animal Production S...