Electron heating regime using with radio-frequency waves in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) has been investigated in helical magnetic configuration. Mode-conversion scenario was applied to the LHD plasmas. When the wave frequency is change to be lower than that in the standard ICRF heating (minority ion heating) condition, the resonance layers are moved away to the peripheral regi...

Lord 1 has called attention to the probable importance of an increase in the hydrogen ion concentration in the pneumonic lung in inhibiting the growth of the pneumococcus and favoring enzymatic action. In this article we wish to elaborate certain aspects of the relation of the pneumococcus to changes in acidity. The hydrogen ion concentrations were determined by the colorimetric method with sta...

In two previous communications the authors have described a synthesis of protein by pepsin in a concentrated peptic hydrolysate of albumin (1) ; and the effect of temperature on this synthesir (2). The justification for describing the synthetic product as protein is discussed in our previous paper (2). In these communications the optimum hydrogen ion concentration was stated to be pH 4.0; but t...

A great number of cells are acidic compared to their environment (1). Changes in the pH of extracellular fluid are important primarily as they affect hydrogen ion activity within the cell. However, cellular hydrogen ion activity is dependent upon a number of factors, so that it is impossible to predict cellular pH from knowledge of extracellular pH alone (2, 3). Since the interior of most cells...

A theoretical study of vibrational spectral diffusion in aqueous NaBr solutions is presented by means of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and time series analysis. The OD stretch frequencies of deuterated water hydrogen bonded to the bromide ions are found to be higher than those in the bulk which implies a somewhat weaker Br–water hydrogen bonds than those between water molecules. The ...

The hydrogen ion concentration (1) of many solutions and of culture media is readily determined by means of buffer solutions and suitable indicators. The usual procedure, in determining calorimetrically the hydrogen ion concentration, requires a considerable volume of solution. Frequently the quantity of solution available in experiments upon plants or animals is extremely limited in amount. It...

Development of negative hydrogen ion sources for neutral beam systems is closely linked with an optimisation of negative ion formation in hydrogen plasmas which requires knowledge of the plasma parameters. Emission spectroscopy is introduced as a non-invasive and in-situ diagnostic tool for line of sight averaged plasma parameters. Diagnostic lines and simplified analysis methods for a variety ...