Synthesis by the hydrothermal method has various advantages, including low reaction temperature, three-dimensional substrate availability, and automatic polarization alignment during the process. In this review, powder synthesis, the fabrication of piezoelectric thin films, and their applications are introduced. A polycrystalline lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin film was applied to a micro ul...

BACKGROUND The recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass is a major limitation for its conversion into biofuels by enzymatic hydrolysis. The use of a pretreatment technology is an essential step to diminish biomass recalcitrance for bioethanol production. In this study, a two-step pretreatment using hydrothermal pretreatment at various temperatures and alkali fractionation was performed on eucal...

A continuous flow reactor equipped with a low-loss flow channel and a microwave cavity was developed for synthesizing nanophosphors. A continuous solution synthesis of YVO4:Eu,Bi nanophosphor was succeeded through the rapid hydrothermal method using this equipment. Internal quantum efficiency of YVO4:Eu,Bi nanophosphor obtained by 20 minutes microwave heating is about 30% at 320 nm as high as t...

in this study, the tio2 nanorods were synthesized from p25 tio2 nanoparticles by hydrothermal method in 10 m naoh solution. the effects of annealing temperatures on produced nanorods were investigated  by scanning  electron microscopy (sem) x-ray diffraction (xrd) and photoluminescence (pl) spectroscopy. diameter growth and  changes  of  surface  oxygen  defects of  synthesized nanorods are stu...