A convenient and efficient method for selective replacement of the primary hydroxyl groups of sugars by chlorine with concomitant O-formylation, compatible with the presence of a variety of functional groups, has been developed using the Vilsmeier-Haack reaction. Sugars having free primary hydroxyl groups mostly afforded the chloro-O-formylated product while sugars devoid of primary hydroxyl gr...

A naphthalimide-naphthyridine derivative has been synthesized for the detection of hydroxyl radicals. It can distinguish hydroxyl radicals from other reactive oxygen species with high selectivity and short response time. Moreover, it has no cellular toxicity, and can be effectively used for intracellular detection of hydroxyl radicals.

mnco2o4 (mno-co2o3) nanocomposite as a binary oxide has been successfully prepared by precipitation method using cobalt nitrate and manganese nitrate as the precursors and then characterized by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive micro-analysis (sem-edx) and x-ray diffraction (xrd) techniques. in this work, we report the hydrolysis kinetics reactions of semi mustard (chloroethyl ethy...

the hydrogen abstraction reaction by oh radical from ch2brch2br (r1) and ch₃chbr2 (r2) is investigated theoretically by semi-classical transition state theory. the stationary points for both reactions are located by using ωb97x-d and kmlyp density functional methods along with cc-pvtz basis. single-point energy calculations are performed at the qcisd(t) and ccsd(t) levels of theory with differe...

abstractbackground : in order to quantify effects of ultrasound irradiation parameters under therapeutic condition, especially sonodynamic therapy, it is initially necessary to evaluate inertial cavitation activity in vitro conditions therefore, in this study, the effect of 1 mhz low level ultrasound based on °oh radicals generated by acoustic inertial cavitation in aqueous solution was monitor...

As human leukocytes phagocytize, there is an associated burst of oxygen consumption (1), emission of light (chemiluminescence) (2), stimulation of the hexose monophosphate shunt (1), and the production of a variety of oxygen related toxic agents (3). These events appear to comprise an integral part of the anti-bacterial mechanism (4). Hypothesized mediators of the oxygen-dependent bactericidal ...

It has been speculated that the presence of OH(H2O)n clusters in the troposphere could have significant effects on the solar absorption balance and the reactivity of the hydroxyl radical. We have used the G3 and G3B3 model chemistries to model the structures and predict the frequencies of hydroxyl radical/water clusters containing one to five water molecules. The reaction between hydroxyl radic...