AIM To identify the suitable roofing pattern for dairy cattle in North East Zone of Tamil Nadu, India, based on micro climatic conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Initially, survey was conducted to identify and categorize the major housing patterns existing in the region for further detailed investigation. In total, 30 farmers/farms consisting of five housing types with six replicates were sele...

Abstract. This work describes the latest design, calibration and application of a near-infrared laser diode-based photoacoustic (PA) hygrometer developed for total water content measurement in simulated atmospheric freezing precipitation high ice conditions with relevance fundamental icing research, aviation testing, certification. The single-wavelength single-pass PA absorption cell is calibra...

Abstract. In situ measurements in the climatically important upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS) are critical for understanding controls on cloud formation, entry of water into stratosphere, and hydration–dehydration tropical tropopause layer. Accurate measurement vapor UTLS however is difficult because low concentrations (<5 ppmv) a challenging temperature–pressure environment. The ...

Abstract. Balloon-borne water vapour measurements in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) by means of frost point hygrometers provide important information on air chemistry climate. However, risk contamination from sublimating hydrometeors collected intake tube may render these unusable, particularly after crossing low clouds containing supercooled droplets. A large set (sub)trop...

[1] Building on previously published details of the laboratory calibrations of the Harvard Lyman-a photofragment fluorescence hygrometer (HWV) on the NASA ER-2 and WB-57 aircraft, we describe here the validation process for HWV, which includes laboratory calibrations and intercomparisons with other Harvard water vapor instruments at water vapor mixing ratios from 0 to 10 ppmv, followed by in-fl...

The MERRA-2 Stratospheric Composition Reanalysis of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (M2-SCREAM) is a new reanalysis stratospheric ozone, water vapor, hydrogen chloride (HCl), nitric acid (HNO3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) between 2004 the present (with latency several months). assimilated fields are provided at 50-km horizontal resolution three-hourly frequency. M2-SCREAM assimilates version 4.2 (MLS) ...