Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids (PAs) are a group of naturally occurring alkaloids that are produced by plants as a defense mechanism against insect herbivores. The analytical methodologies employed for their detection have come a long way since the first analytical experiment and in the last 30 years had an enormous development, both technological and experimental. It is notorious that before the gene...

Abstract Background This review represents many significant methods of chemometrics applied as data assessment originated by hyphenated analytical techniques containing their application since its origin to today. Main body the abstract The study has been divided into parts, which contain multivariate regression methods. main aim this is investigate tools used in GSR (gunshot residue) or forens...

A large variety of analytical methods are available to characterize particles in aerosols and suspensions. The choice of the appropriate technique depends on the properties to be determined. In many fields information about particle size and chemical composition are of great importance. While in aerosol techniques particle size distributions of gas-borne particles are determined online, their e...

Untargeted metabolomics is now widely recognized as a useful tool for exploring metabolic changes taking place in biological systems under different conditions. In this article, we aim to provide short overview of the liquid-phase separation methods hyphenated MS perform untargeted samples. Each approach complemented by up-to-date literature guide readers, well practical information avoiding or...

Toxicology is a multidisciplinary study of poisons, aimed to correlate the quantitative and qualitative relationships between poisons and their physiological and behavioural effects in living systems. Other key aspects of toxicology focus on elucidation of the mechanisms of action of poisons and development of remedies and treatment plans for associated toxic effects. In these endeavours, Mass ...

Bioautography is a microbial detection method hyphenated with planar chromatography techniques. It is based mainly on antimicrobial or antifungal properties of analyzed substances. The review discusses three versions of bioautography, i.e. contact, immersion and direct bioautography. The more concern is given to the last one. Many applications are quoted, not only for testing various groups of ...