Chadwick et al divided a group of patients with supraspinal myoclonus into three categories.3 One group responded poorly to serotonergic drugs-namely, clonazepam and 5-hydroxytryptophan; a second group had proximal myoclonus, prominent spikes on the electroencephalogram, excellent response to serotonergic drugs, and physiological features suggesting that abnormal discharges originated in the br...

Myoclonus is defined as sudden, brief, shock-like contractions of muscles, and it can be a challenging diagnosis for the clinician to face. The number aetiologies make difficult determine appropriate diagnostic workup each individual patient without ordering broad array studies from start. As with other neurological conditions, comprehensive history physical examination are paramount in generat...

BACKGROUND Myoclonus can occur in association with lithium therapy at toxic and therapeutic dosages, and can be a predominant and disabling adverse effect. Moreover, myoclonus has been reported when lithium has been combined with cyclic antidepressants and with the neuroleptic clozapine. Although clinical case reports exist, no electrophysiologic data are available that provide a source or a ne...

Nonparaneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus ataxia syndrome is a rare neuroinflammatory condition featured by opsoclonus, myoclonus, ataxia, and cognitive behavioral disturbance. The authors report an observation of enterovirus 71-associated opsoclonus-myoclonus ataxia syndrome evolving toward full recovery on intravenous intravenous immunoglobulin (IG) treatment. Based on this case report, enterovi...

OBJECTIVE To determine the contribution of electrophysiologic testing in the diagnosis and anatomical classification of myoclonus. METHODS Participants with a clinical diagnosis of myoclonus were prospectively recruited, each undergoing a videotaped clinical examination and battery of electrophysiologic tests. The diagnosis of myoclonus and its subtype was reviewed after 6 months in the conte...

The presence of reflex myoclonus in response to touching and pin-pricking the wrist or stretching the fingers and to photic stimulation was assessed in 24 patients with a presumed diagnosis of olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) and in 30 age matched control subjects. Reflex myoclonus to soma-esthetic stimulation was found in 23 patients and in none of the controls. Photic myoclonus was present...

Objective To investigate the effect of pretreatment with midazolam on myoclonus induced by etomidate injection. Methods A meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager software, version 5.2. Two researchers independently searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase® databases for randomized controlled trials involving patients who underwent etomidate induced general anaesthesia with or with...

BACKGROUND Acquired neurogenic stuttering has been considered a fairly uncommon clinical occurrence; speech-activated myoclonus is a rare entity that can mimic stuttering and is caused by a wide array of etiologies. CASE REPORT Here we report a patient with myoclonus-dystonia syndrome (MDS), due to an identified disease-causing mutation, who displayed speech-activated myoclonus mimicking stut...

We describe a case of palato-pharyngo-laryngeal myoclonus, an unusual variant of palatal myoclonus, which presented with dysphagia and dysarthria. The aetiology and presenting features of myoclonus are discussed. Various treatment options are considered.