Appendix (Supplementary Material) Appendix A. Experimental quantification of the ratedependence of indentation hysteresis of individual chondrocytes Freshly isolated cells were probed with the nanosized and micron-sized tips at indentation rates of 200nm/s, 500nm/s, 1μm/s, 3μm/s, and 5μm/s. The area enclosed by the hysteresis loop (e.g., Fig. 6) is related to the strain energy dissipated during...

The influence of a strong surface potential on the critical depinning of an elastic system driven in a random medium is considered. If the surface potential prevents depinning completely the curvature C of the displacement profile exhibits at zero temperature a pronounced rhombic hysteresis curve of width 2f(c) with the bulk depinning threshold f(c). The hysteresis disappears at nonzero tempera...

A neural network (NN)-based model of scalar hysteresis characteristics has been developed for modeling the behavior of magnetic materials. The virgin curve and a set of the first-order reversal branches can be stored preliminary in a system of three NNs. Different properties of magnetic materials can be simulated by a simple if–then type knowledge-based algorithm. Hysteresis characteristics of ...

We observed the decrease of the hysteresis effect and the transition from the stable to the dynamic domain regime in doped superlattices with increasing temperature. The current–voltage characteristics and the behaviours of the domain boundary are dominated by the temperature-dependent lineshape of the electric field dependence of the drift velocity (V (F )). As the peak–valley ratio in the V (...

An electron gun with large compression of a thin annular beam for generation of high-power microwaves and IR radiation has been designed. Computer simulations of beam formation in the gun show some hysteresis effects: a beam with different current can exist in the same external conditions. At the upper (metastable) part of a hysteresis curve the beam current exceeds Child-Langmuir current. Expe...

[1] Using the Earth system model of intermediate complexity CLIMBER-2 we studied the stability diagram of the climate-cryosphere system in the phase space of Milankovitch forcing (maximum summer insolation at 65°N, abbreviated as MF). We have shown that the equilibrium response of the climate-cyrosphere system to MF reveals pronounced hysteresis behavior within the range of Earth's orbital para...

DNA exhibits a remarkable mechanical transition where its extension increases by 70% at 65 pN. Notwithstanding more than a decade of experimental and theoretical studies, there remains a significant debate on the nature of overstretched DNA. We developed a topologically closed but rotationally unconstrained DNA assay, which contains no nicks or free ends. DNA in this assay exhibited the canonic...

Dislocations affect the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials by pinning the domain walls. The primary mechanism is interaction between the stress fields of dislocation and domain walls. Using magnetic nondestructive methods, namely the acoustic Barkhausen noise (AB), magnetic Barkhausen noise (MB), and the hysteresis curves, we have studied these interactions. The three measurements g...

Piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, and shape memory alloy actuators are gaining importance in high-frequency precision applications constrained by space. Their intrinsic hysteretic behavior makes control difficult. The Prandtl–Ishlinskii (PI) operator can model hysteresis well, albeit a major inadequacy: the inverse operator does not exist when the hysteretic curve gradient is not positive defini...