This article reviews the global health and economic consequences of 1918 influenza pandemic, with a particular focus on topics that have seen renewed interest because COVID-19. We begin by providing an overview key contextual epidemiological details as well data are available to researchers. then examine effects mortality, fertility, economy in short medium run. The role non-pharmaceutical inte...

Drought is one of the main abiotic stresses responsible for reducing crop yields worldwide. In hybrid rice production, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) displays an alternative plan producing high-yielding depending on vigor. Kinetin (Kin) has essential role during early phase grain setting by regulating cell division, assimilate flow, and osmotic modification under water deficit. Growth, floral...

The sonocatalytic degradation of organic dyes (C.I. 50040, C.I. Reactive Red 1, C.I. Acid Orange 7) catalysed by Co/N/Er3+ : Y3Al5O12/TiO2 films was studied. For the preparation of Co/N/Er3+ : Y3Al5O12/TiO2 films, the sol-gel coating process was used. The phase composition, morphology, precursor at different temperatures and emitting light properties of the calcined powders were analysed by X-r...

This report is part of a serial study applying stable isotope labelling to rice microcosms to track the utilization of recently photosynthesized carbon by active microbiota in the rhizosphere. The objective of the present study was to apply phospholipid fatty acid-based stable isotope probing (PLFA-SIP) to detect the spatial variation of active microorganisms associated with rhizosphere carbon ...

The adjoint method provides a computationally efficient means of calculating the gradient for applications in constrained optimization. In this article, we consider a network of scalar conservation laws with general topology, whose behavior is modified by a set of control parameters in order to minimize a given objective function. After discretizing the corresponding partial differential equati...

We have studied by electrical and optical methods the properties of the defects to possibly identify which ones affect the luminescence of the material. We have characterized Er-doped Si samples grown by the Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) method, a relatively simple and inexpensive technique, by means of photoluminescence (PL), cathodoluminescence, EXAFS and deep level transient spectroscopy. The o...

This paper delivers empirical evidence on how informal transfers are aff ected by a formal and country-wide health insurance scheme. Using the fi fth wave of the Ghanaian Living Standard Household Survey, we investigate the extent to which the exogenous implementation of the National Health Insurance Scheme aff ects the probability of making or receiving informal transfers and their monetary eq...

UNLABELLED Community-Based Health Insurance (CBHI) is an emerging concept for providing financial protection against the cost of illness and improving access to quality health services for low-income rural households who are excluded from formal insurance. CBHI is currently being provided in some rural areas in developing countries and there is ongoing research about its impact on the well-bein...

Strong red upconversion luminescence of rare-earth ions doped in nanocrystals is desirable for the biological/biomedical applications. In this paper, we describe the great enhancement of red upconversion emission (4F9/2 --> I15/2 transition of Er3+ ion) in NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ nanocrystals at low doping level, which is ascribed to the effectiveness of the multiphonon relaxation process due to the e...

The disease environment in general, and malaria in particular, could help explain underdevelopment in many regions of the world, especially in Africa. Using data from Ethiopia, this paper provides evidence that local malaria risk is associated with worse local development outcomes. By combining information from a large-scale Ethiopian household survey with satellite-derived topographical inform...