The mechanical properties of proteins are crucial in living cells as proteins serve as basic units in cells to constantly sense, generate, and bear mechanical forces. Outside the cell, nature exploits the mechanical features of proteins and produces a variety of materials with superb mechanical properties (e.g. spider dragline silk) which often outperform man-made materials. Studies of the mech...

The Transformation of Hunger Revisited We examine Trevon Logan’s 2009 claim to have found low levels of nutrition among British worker’s households in the late 19 century. Using the same data, we conclude that Logan’s estimates are thirty percent too low. Logan buttressed his estimates by claiming that the income elasticity of calories demand was unusually high among these households, relative ...

The Association Agreement between Jordan and the EU entered into force in 2002. It provides a gradual reduction of import duties on EU products over a period of twelve years. In this paper we investigate the economic implications of induced trade liberalization on aggregate economic performance as well as effects on welfare and income distribution of heterogenous households. This is done by int...

The size of the intrahousehold externality created when a literate household member provides literacy services to illiterate members is estimated in this paper, using a model of children’s heightfor-age in Papua New Guinea. This externality appears to be large. These results support the use of a new measure of literacy, developed by Basu and Foster (1998) to take account of the gains when illit...

This paper examines the sensitivity of inequality and poverty measures to the adult equivalence scale and the unit of analysis. Comparisons are made using parametric equivalence scales, and income units include individuals, equivalent adults and households. The role of the correlation between equivalent income and household size, and the weight attached to children, is examined analytically. Em...

Relative poverty lines such as one-half median income have been increasingly used in poverty studies. This paper contributes to the literature by developing statistical inference for testing decomposable poverty measures with relative poverty lines. The poverty lines we consider are percentages of mean income and percentages of quantiles. We show that the estimates of poverty indices with relat...

Standard poverty analysis makes statements about deprivation after the veil of uncertainty has been lifted. Nonetheless, the term 'vulnerability' has been used as a tool to remark that uncertainty and risk do matter. In this paper, we define 'vulnerability to poverty' as the magnitude of the threat of poverty, measured exante, before uncertainty is resolved. We describe the desirable properties...

Bu çal??mada Türkiye’de yoksullu?u etkileyen hanehalk? sorumlusunun demografik özellikleri probit model yöntemi ile belirlenmi?tir. Analiz verileri Türkiye ?statistik Kurumuna ait 2017 y?l? hane halk? gelir ve ya?am ko?ullar? ara?t?rmas? fert anketlerinden sondaj birle?tirme yoluyla elde edilmi?tir. Ard?ndan 22869 kay?t aras?ndan bölgelere göre tabakal? örnekleme 761 seçilmi?tir. Ele al?nan de?...

The paper contributes to the literature of lifetime/chronic poverty measurement by introducing a new mechanism to capture and quantify the e¤ect of chronic poverty on lifetime/intertemporal poverty. The key to the new approach is the conceptualization that a period of poverty generates a lasting but tapering impact on future poverty deprivations. Similarly a period of prosperity also generates ...

Was the Mandal Commission Right? Living Standard Differences between Backward Classes and Other Social Groups in India Affirmative action has been at the heart of public policies towards the socially disadvantaged in India. Compensatory discrimination policies which have been adopted for the Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) since independence were recommended for Other Backward C...