Industrial Process Measurement and Control Systems are used in most of the industrial sectors to achieve production improvement, process optimization and time and cost reduction. Integration, reuse, flexibility and optimization are demanded to adapt to a rapidly changing and competitive market. In fact, standardization is a key goal to achieve these goals. The international standardization effo...

The IEC 61131 standard has been widely accepted in the industrial automation domain. However, it is claimed that the standard does not address today the new requirements of complex industrial systems, which include among others, portability, interoperability, increased reusability and distribution. To address these restrictions, the IEC has initiated the task of developing the IEC 61499, which ...

Updates to industry consensus standards for ECG equipment is a work-in-progress by the ISO/IEC Joint Work Group 22. This work will result in an overhaul of existing that apply electromedical and new single international industry, namely 80601-2-86. The standard be entitled “80601, Part 2-86: Particular requirements basic safety essential performance electrocardiographs, including diagnostic equ...

What do the recently determined crystal structures of 14-3-3 proteins and of a complex between part of the protein kinase Raf and the Ras-related protein Rap tell us about how 14-3-3 and Ras regulate the function of Raf?

Überblick. Mit Hilfe von Funktionsbausteinadaptern (FBAs) kann die Kommunikation zwischen Funktionsbausteinen der IEC 61131-3 und Capsules der Unified Modeling Language (UML) in einer formalen Sprache spezifiziert werden. Diese Spezifikation wird während der Entwurfsphase eines Systemes erstellt und ist hardware-unabhängig. Nachrichten, die von Capsules an Funktionsbausteine geschickt werden so...

The IEC 61853 standard series aims to provide a standardized measure for photovoltaic (PV) module energy rating, namely the Climate Specific Energy Rating(CSER). For this purpose, it defines procedures experimental determination of input data and algorithms calculating CSER. However, some steps leave room interpretation regarding specific implementation. To analyze impact these ambiguities, com...

IEC 61131 [3] is a well-established international standard for programmable logic controllers (PLCs). Programming environments applying the IEC 61131 follow the “traditional” development cycle: edit-compile-load-execute. In case execution code needs to be modified, interruption of the execution is necessary. In this paper, we present an approach that combines object oriented ACPLT technologies ...

This with the integration of distributed generation (DG) to meshed distribution systems, the operating time of the protective system becomes a major concern in order to avoid nuisance DG tripping. This paper proposes a new tripping characteristic for directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) that can achieve a higher possible reduction of overall relays operating time in meshed distribution networ...