The emerging IEEE 802.15.4a standard is the first international standard that specifies a wireless physical layer to enable precision ranging. In this article, ranging signal waveforms and ranging protocols adopted into the standard are discussed in a tutorial manner.

Recently, the IEEE 802.16 standard (IEEE Std 802.16-2004, 2004), a solution to broadband wireless access commonly known as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), has been considered as a promising standard for next generation broadband wireless access networks. IEEE 802.16e (IEEE Std 802.16e-2005, 2005), also called Mobile WiMAX (Li et al., 2007), provides enhancements to IEEE...

Research and applications in computer science are creating the need for precise definitions of the concepts that make up our world. Web searching is handicapped by the limitations of specifying search criteria in terms of keywords rather than concepts. Automated natural language understanding, both oral and written, is severely limited by the ambiguity of language. Software engineering is limit...

There are several ways to represent real numbers on computers. Fixed point places a radix point somewhere in the middle of the digits, and is equivalent to using integers that represent portions of some unit. For example, one might represent 1/100ths of a unit; if you have four decimal digits, you could represent 10.82, or 00.01. Another approach is to use rationals, and represent every number ...

A lthough architecture has become a popular term in the computing community, its use is inconsistent, often bearing little resemblance to the concept’s origins in civil engineering. Architecture is used in various contexts to mean the instruction set of a central processor unit, the highest-level software modules in a large software system, or the overall structure of a business’s information t...

The Quality of Service (QoS) provides a better performance in networking environment like MANET and VANET in the current development scenario. In these fields the topology is dynamic in nature changing frequently with respect to time. Thus it creates many challenging issues too. In this paper, we have investigated the performance of MANET and VANET based on QoS, where throughput is taken as the...

The IEEE 802.11e amendment is being designed to be compatible with the legacy 802.11 standard, therefore users with 802.11 network card will be able to connect and work without problems in a new QoS Basic Service Set (QBSS). However, this coexistence may deteriorate QoS support provided by the new standard. In this paper the influence of 802.11b DCF stations on the QoS provision in IEEE 802.11e...

Wireless local area networks (WLANs) based on WiFi technology have become a standard part of life for many, whether integrated within a home television or a radio-controlled drone helicopter. Th e latest commercially available version of WiFi, based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11ac standard, provides signifi cant connectivity improvements. In addition, it...