The aim of this work is to investigate and characterize the photo-ignition process of dry multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) mixed with ferrocene (FeCp₂) powder, using an LED (light-emitting diode) as the light source, a combination that has never been used, to the best of our knowledge. The ignition process was improved by adding a lipophilic porphyrin (H₂Pp) in powder to the MWCNTs/FeCp₂ ...

In order to contribute to the solution of controlling the auto-ignition in a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine, parameters linked to External Gas Recirculation (EGR) seem to be of particular interest. Experiments performed with EGR present some difficulties in interpreting results using only the diluting and thermal aspect of EGR. Lately, the chemical aspect of EGR is taken ...

A three-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulation was carried out on an unscavanged auto-ignition prechamber-cylinder configuration in order to understand better the ignition conditions inside the engine. The sensitivity to different boundary conditions like initial gas and wall temperature was tested and flow simulations coupled with a 55 species chemical mechanism were car...

Introduction Auto-ignition of cooking oils causes a significant proportion of household fires [1,2]. In addition, the majority of the 50% of all accidental fires in hotels, restaurants and fast food outlets that start in kitchens involve liquid cooking oil or fat as the primary ignition source [3,4]. The potential risk of loss of life and property damage due to cooking oils fires is high. Cooki...

A precise definition of a brain state has proven elusive. Here, we introduce the novel local-global concept of intrinsic ignition characterizing the dynamical complexity of different brain states. Naturally occurring intrinsic ignition events reflect the capability of a given brain area to propagate neuronal activity to other regions, giving rise to different levels of integration. The ignitory...

A kinetic mechanism of 1011 elementary reactions with 171 chemical species for n-heptane ignition is analysed and reduced to 4 global steps with adjusted rate coefficients to describe ignition at pressures around 40 atm. Two of these steps account for the high temperature branch and the other two for the low temperature branch of the ignition mechanism. The ignition delay time passes through a ...

On February 24-26, 2014, the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) hosted a workshop at Hyatt Regency Baltimore, which focused on advanced fuel and engine efficiency. The workshop was co-sponsored by American Petroleum Institute (API) and U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The main goal of the workshop was to understand the state of the art and identify gaps in current research efforts towards unde...

The ignition of a gaseous reactive mixture subject to a localized energy source is analysed using large activation energy asymptotics. The energy released by the source results in a thermal non-uniformity in a small region of the gas. We distinguish two different regimes, non-diffusive and diffusive, depending on the dominant cooling mechanism during the ignition stage: expansion effects or hea...

The prediction of the auto-ignition delay time of fresh fuel in hot air is studied. This problem, encountered in many combustion systems, is in practice often calculated using a simple method, hereafter called homogeneous mixing ignition (HMI). This method however neglects transport effects and calculates local instead of global ignition properties. A second method is therefore studied called l...

This paper presents a low-frequency square-wave drive, consisting of a single high voltage converter, an ac lamp ignition circuit, current control devices and a single backlight controller, capable of driving an arbitrary number of parallel cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs) with independent accurate lamp current regulation. Key to the architecture is a proposed capacitive coupling approach...